Periodic Table Notes Part 1 Created by Harris M. S.

A row of elements is called a period. The periodic table is a tool for organizing the elements. A row of elements is called a period. A column of elements is called a group or family. The zigzag line reminds you where the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are. Metals are to the left Nonmetals are to the right Metalloids are along the line

Periodic Table Notes Part 2 handout provided

Periods Each row is called a “period” The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells www.chem4kids.com

Discussion: Periods and Electron Levels The period number tells you how many electron levels the element uses. Notice we only drew the first 18 elements which fall in periods 1,2 and 3 Recall that when you made your Bohr models every row you went down added another ring. The pattern continues with a max of 7 levels, shells or clouds

Groups Group 8a = 8 electrons Group 1a = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2a = 2 electrons 3a,4a,5a,6a,7a Each column is called a “group” Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

Groups and Valence Group # 1 1A 2 2A 13 3A 14 4A 15 5A 16 6A 17 7A 18 # of valence electrons 3 4 5 6 7 8

Discussion: Groups and Valence Electrons The elements in a group have similar properties and react/behave in similar ways. Valence electrons are those located in the outermost energy level of an atom Atoms are “happy” and stable when their outermost energy level is full – all of the Noble gases in group 18 are this way. Atoms are reactive with other atoms when their outermost energy level is not full. Atoms in the same group have the same # of valence electrons except the transition metals which do not follow the same pattern Elements in a family increase in reactivity as you move down.

Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases Halogens Label these group names at the bottom of your white periodic table & your Bohr model periodic table.

Transition Metals Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com

Alkali Metals – Most Reactive Metals(Hint:1 valence electron) Write the name of each family at the bottom of the columns on your periodic table using the following information. Alkali Metals – Most Reactive Metals(Hint:1 valence electron) Alkaline Earth Metals – Reactive Metals(Hint:2 valence electrons) Halides/Halogens – Most reactive non-metals (Hint:7 valence electrons) Noble Gases – Un reactive non metals (hint: Complete outer shells)

Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Carbon - C 2nd Period = 2 shells 4A Group = 4 valence electrons www.chem4kids.com

Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Sodium - Na 3rd Period = 3 shells 1A Group = 1 valence electron www.chem4kids.com

Write your answers on your handout. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Neon 2nd Period = 2 shells 8A Group = 8 valence electrons

Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Hydrogen 1st Period = 1 shell 1A Group = 1 valence electron

Write your answers on your handout. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Beryllium 2nd Period = 2 shells 2A Group = 2 valence electrons

Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Sulfur 3rd Period = 3 shells 6A Group = 6 valence electrons

Write your answers on your handout. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Potassium 4th Period = 4 shells 1A Group = 1 valence electron

Write your answers on your handout. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Helium 1st Period = 1 shell 8A Group = 2 valence electrons Helium is the exception in Group 8a. Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet. End of Study Guide Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet.