Growing Viruses Viruses must be grown in living cells 7 Viruses must be grown in living cells Bacteriophages form plaques on a lawn of bacteria p. 377 Figure 13.6

Growing Viruses 8 Animal viruses may be grown in living animals or in embryonated eggs p. 377 Figure 13.7

Virus Identification 9 Cytopathic effects: Detectable changes in the host cell due to viral infection (p. 441) Blood serum (serology) tests Detect antibodies against viruses in a patient Use antibodies to identify viruses in neutralization tests, viral hemagglutination, and Western blot Nucleic acids: Studies of the DNA/RNA

Virus Identification: Cytopathic Effect 10 p. 378 a) Uninfected cells growing in a monolayer b) Infected cells piling/rounding up Figure 13.9

Attachment, Entry, Uncoating 14 By pinocytosis Fig. 13.14a Animal viruses p. 384 Togavirus: Example Rubella virus Figure 13.14a

Attachment, Entry, Uncoating 15 By fusion Fig. 13.14b Animal viruses p. 384 Figure 13.14b

Multiplication of DNA Virus 16 Fig. 13.15 Foundation Figure p. 387 Animal DNA viruses Figure 13.15

Sense Strand (+ Strand) RNA Virus 17 Fig. 13.17a p. 388 Animal RNA viruses Figure 13.17a

Antisense Strand (– Strand) RNA Virus 18 Fig. 13.17b p. 388 Animal RNA viruses Figure 13.17b

Double-Stranded RNA Virus 19 Fig. 13.17c p. 388 Animal RNA viruses Figure 13.17c

22 p. 384

Avian Influenza Clinical Focus, p. 371