Introduction to Virus Structure and Diversity

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Virus Structure and Diversity By: Dr. Laxmi Kant Pandey

What is Virus…? A virus is a biological agent of microscopic size that reproduce inside the cells of living host (humans, animals, plants, bacteria).

Virus Structure Size Basic shape Genomic material Capsid 17 nm – 3000 nm diameter Basic shape Rod-like Spherical It has mainly two components A nucleic acid genome and a protein capsid that covers the genome Genomic material DNA or RNA Single- or double-stranded Capsid Made of many identical protein subunits Symmetrically organized Enveloped or non-enveloped

Electron Micrograph of HIV virus

Virus Structure Virus capsids function in: Packaging and protecting nucleic acid Host cell recognition Protein on coat or envelope “feels” or “recognizes” host cell receptors Genomic material delivery Enveloped: cell fusion event Non-enveloped: more complex strategies & specialized structures

Icosahedral Symmetry 12 vertices 20 faces 5-3-2 symmetry axes (equilateral triangles) 5-3-2 symmetry axes 60 identical* subunits in identical environments can form icosahedral shell * asymmetric

Baltimore classification of Virus Baltimore classify viruses in to 7 groups It is based on- Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Strandedness (ss or ds) Sense (positive or negative) Method of replication

Group Name of the virus I Adenoviruses, Herpesviruses, pox viruses II Parvo viruses III reoviruses IV Picornaviruses, togaviruses V Rhabdoviruses VI Retroviruses VII Hepadnaviruses