Vocab jigsaw

Phenotype Can be seen by the naked eye, codes for phenotypes while phenotype shows the genotype. Phen- to show

Recessive Doesn’t always show up, blond hair is recessive. You need rr to get the blond hair

Genotype Needs 2 alleles, tongue rolling. Tt,tt,TT

Traits Dominant traits have TT, only need one allele to be dominant (Tt) Good name b/c it dominates over everything Dwarfism is dominant (Dd) or (DD), so is Huntington's, more are dark hair dark eyes

Alleles Form of DNA sequence that’s part of a certain gene Two alleles for every trait TT, Rr, pp

Centromeres (Not needed for portfolio) Centr- self centered, mer- part Used by spindle fibers to pull the chromosomes toward opposite poles of a cell during mitosis or meiosis centromere position to determine the karyotyope

Chromatid One strand of the chromosome Each chromatid is identical to its other half The difference between chromosomes and chromatid is half the chromosome splits

Mutation Change in DNA (MUT- change, ATION-the act of) DNA can fail to copy leading to mutations to DNA Sun can change your DNA by giving you skin cancer

Pedigree Used to look at the patterns of disease and predict how it can be passed down ped- child, means to trace children A trait that can be traced on pedigree is sickle cell, hemophilia, dwarfism, Huntington's disease Used by genetic counselors, also to show how disease was passed down through the family before you

Gene A chromosomes are books, the genes are the chapters or words #11 is mainly the health chromosome so it controls wether you have sickle cell or not.

Homologous Means same proportion Any pair of chromosomes is homologous One comes from each parent and has the same genes but are still different Code for the same things such as brown hair or blond hair

Telomere Region nucleotide sequence at each end of a chromatid protects the end and from deterioration. When you age the telomeres unravel but helps prevent mutation during mitosis