Social 30-2: Ideologies Related issue i: Should ideology be the foundation of identity? Chapter 3: Should the values of collectivism shape an ideology?

Chapter Issue: Should the values of collectivism shape an ideology? Questions for Inquiry: What are some key understandings of collectivism? How are the values of collectivism expressed politically? How are the values of collectivism expressed economically? How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?

Understandings of Collectivism What are some key understandings of collectivism?

Early Collectivist Ideas Early human societies were collectivist Why? Common good Leroy Little Bear (p. 69) Interconnectedness among people in a society Some First Nations’ worldviews Holistic Figure 3-4 (p. 70)

Political Expressions of Collectivism How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?

Roots of Collectivism in Politics Jean-Jacques Rousseau Thomas Hobbes Karl Marx Social contract with other members of society Individuals voluntarily give up their self-interests to follow the collective will Promotes common good of society Encourages liberty and equality among individuals Applies to everyone Development of democracy and ideologies of socialism and communism Individuals swapped freedom for security Strong government to govern everyone’s interests To avoid constant conflict with one another The Communist Manifesto Capitalism = poor living and working conditions for working-class people Classless society Workers unite, take collective control of industries and properties Property shared for common good and not for a handful

Collective Interest A fundamental idea in most collectivist ideologies What is it? Individual decisions are based on what? Is individual excellence encouraged Self-interest…can be punished Foundation of social movements and lobby groups L’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) and Assembly of First Nations (AFN) Change and reform Political expression of collective interest: collective rights Labour unions  better contracts/working conditions

Collective Responsibility Group’s responsibility for the actions of all individual members Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than to themselves Voices: Collective Responsibility in Aboriginal Communities

Collective Responsibility (cont’d) Collective Responsibility and the Legal System Khawater 7 – Episode 9 Everyone makes mistakes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4YjMGxnW-I Restorative justice programs Mediated communication between victim and offender Family group conferencing Sentencing circles (offender has strong ties to community where crime was committed) Calgary Community Conferencing Sentences reached by consensus

Collective Responsibility (cont’d) Collective Responsibility in North Korea Ideology is a form of communism EXTREME form of collective responsibility See Kwon Hyok, former of Head of Security of North Korea, defected to South Korea in 1999 Page 76/77

Hmmm… Explain the idea of collective responsibility in your own words. Provide examples of collective responsibility from your own experience.

Economic Expressions of Collectivism How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?

Roots of Collectivism in Economics 1800s: Industrial Revolution Mechanical inventions used to produce goods, previously hand-made goods Large factories built = larger and wealthier middle class Workers got the shorter end of the stick In what ways? Political ideas focused on growing gap between rich and poor Karl Marx See Figure 3-10 The Development of Society According to Marx (p. 79)

Integrating Values of Collectivism and Individualism Do all Canadians make the same-ish amount of money? Same-ish quality of life? How does Canada integrate values of both Collectivism and Individualism when it comes to the economy? How do Canadians “share the wealth”?

Public Property What is it? It addresses the issue of economic inequality Marx: all industries could be public property; property controlled by the state for the common good of the collective Collective ownership of factories and businesses How does public property act as a motivation? Is there a difference if the collective/group is large or small? Crown land and Crown corporations Religious communities and collectivist values: Hutterites practice “community of goods” (based on Bible interpretation)

Privatization of Natural Resources Governments with collectivist values prefer government ownership Governments with individualist values prefer private ownership Harvesting & privatization of natural resources  harmful consequences for society Example: 1999, the Bolivian governments granted Bechtel (an American company) a 40 year privatization lease to control the supply of water in the city of Cochabamba Page 83-84 Reading Guide

Co-operatives An enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit. It provides products/services to its members. Guiding principles: Voluntary and open membership Democratic control by members Economic participation by members Examples: daycares, health care centres, stores, credit unions Advantages? Disadvantages?

Social Expressions of Collectivism How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?

Co-operation Sharing is caring Team [work] It all comes down to a common goal --when individuals put the goals of the group ahead of their personal goals and when public property is shared to some extent by everyone, people are demonstrating a social expression of collective values.--

Social Expressions of Collective Responsibility We discussed Collective Responsibility in the Political Expressions of Collectivism section The group is responsible for the actions of the individuals of the group Individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than only themselves Collective responsibility has social implications What is an example? Do you demonstrate social expressions of collective values, such as that of collective responsibility? Why? Do you consider the effects of your decisions on future generations? (p. 88)

Adherence to Collective Norms How can individuals be persuaded to align their self-interests with the collective interest of the group? Incentive? Ie. Adherence to collective norms… What does this mean? Pressure to ‘fit in’ aka High school How could collective norms have a positive and negative impact on some members of a collective? How could adherence to collective norms be useful in a society based on collectivism?

At this point, you should be able to respond to the initial chapter inquiries… What are some key understandings of collectivism? How are the values of collectivism expressed politically? How are the values of collectivism expressed economically? How are the values of collectivism expressed socially? Related Issue I: Should ideology be the foundation of identity?