Incomplete Dominance & Codominance

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Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
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Presentation transcript:

Incomplete Dominance & Codominance

Just a Recap…

Mendel’s Results Mendel’s experiments illustrate complete dominance - offspring always resembled one of the two parents The dominant allele had the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or two copies All Mendel’s plants displayed dominant or recessive alleles. In other words, only one trait showed up. There are some crosses where both alleles of a pair are expressed in a heterozygote

Crossing red and white snap dragons produces pink snap dragons Incomplete Dominance Incomplete dominance - heterozygous individuals have an intermediate or blended phenotype Neither of the alleles is dominant because they do not mask the other colour Example: Snap dragon colour Red flower (CRCR) and white flower (CWCW) form a pink flower (CRCW) Crossing red and white snap dragons produces pink snap dragons

Questions To Consider What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the F2 generation of the snap dragon example? Indicate the ratios that would be expected if the following crosses are made: a) red x pink b) white x white c) pink x pink

Codominance Codominance – both alleles are expressed fully to produce offspring with a third mixed phenotype Example: Rooster Colour Black rooster (FBFB) and white rooster (FWFW) form a black and white rooster (FBFW) Crossing black and white roosters produces roosters with both black & white feathers

Multiple Alleles Multiple alleles – more than 2 alleles for the trait a combination of codominant and dominant genetic traits Example: Blood Types Blood phenotypes are controlled by a combination of two of three different alleles Three blood type alleles: IA, IB , I The alleles for blood types A and B are Codominant Blood type O is homozygous recessive BLOOD GROUPS PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE

Blood Groups & Blood Types Erythrocytes (red blood cell) have cell-surface proteins called antigens Blood types are based upon the types of antigens one has Defensive chemicals called antibodies are produced by your body to protect itself from foreign cells or organisms Antibodies circulate through the body in the fluid blood plasma Type A Type B Type AB Type O

Blood Coagulation Blood clumping results when certain antibodies bind to specific antigens

Questions to Consider A woman with A type blood marries a man with B type blood. They have a child with type O blood. The man says the child cannot be his. Is he correct? Show your work to prove you are right. If this child belongs to this father, what were the chances of having this child with type O blood.