Lesson 28 Anatomy of the Knee

Aims of the Session This session will allow candidates to have an understanding of the Anatomy of the Knee

Learning Outcomes By the end of the lesson the candidate will be able to Classify and describe the articulations of the knee joint including movements Be able to identify the bony prominences Identify the main muscles Name the ligaments and bursae's of the knee joint

Articulations of the Knee joint What type of joint is the knee Freely movable or synovial What type of classification is the knee joint Hinge between the femur & Tibia Gliding between the patella & femur (patello-femoral joint) What are the main movements at the knee Flexion, Extension, Medial & lateral rotation but only when the knee is bent Watch Video

Bony Prominences of the Knee joint Superior aspect of the patella Inferior pole of the patella Lateral femoral condyles Joint line Lateral tibial condyles Head of fibula Tibial tuberosity

Bony Prominences of the Knee joint Adductor Tubicle Medial femoral condyles Joint line Medial tibial condyles Popliteal line Watch Video

Main Ligaments of the Knee joint What are the purpose of ligaments Prevent unwanted movement Only allow wanted movement Help stabilise the joint What are the main ligaments of the knee Anterior/Posterior Cruciate ligaments Medial & Lateral collateral ligaments + Oblique Popliteal ligament at rear of the knee

Main Ligaments of the Knee joint ACL – Front/Diagonally backwards & Up PCL – Back/Diagonally forward & down both start on medial side of the knee.

Main Ligaments of the Knee joint

Main Ligaments of the Knee joint Oblique Popliteal ligament Watch Video

Menisci Menisci are C-shaped pieces of fibro-cartilage located on the tibial plateau. They are held by Muscles & Ligaments, but can move due to forces applied through motion.

Menisci They can tear due to sudden articular movements such as a rapid change in direction, They play an important role for the “screw home mechanism” preventing the knee hyper-extending, Watch Video

Bursae of the Knee Suprapatella Prepatella (housemaids knee) Infrapatella Superficial (clergyman's knee) Deep Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Working as a group, see what muscles you can name that Flex the knee Extend the knee Externally rotate the knee (lower leg) Internally rotate the knee (lower leg)

Main Knee Region Muscles Flexion of the knee Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gracilis, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris.

Main Knee Region Muscles Extension of the knee Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedialis, Vastus Medialis, Sartorius.

Main Knee Region Muscles External rotation of the knee (lower leg) Biceps Femoris,

Main Knee Region Muscles Internal rotation of the knee (Lower leg) Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gracilis, Sartorius, Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Lets look at each muscle

Main Knee Region Muscles Biceps Femoris (long head), Flexion O-Ischial Tuberosity I-Head of Fibula & Lateral Tibial Condyle

Main Knee Region Muscles Biceps Femoris (Short Head), Flexion, External rotation of Lower leg O-Linea Aspera I-Head of Fibula & Lateral Tibial Condyle Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Semitendinosus, Flexion, Internal Rotation of Lower leg O-Ischial Tuberosity I- Inferior to medial Tibial Condyle Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Semimembranosus, Flexion, Internal Rotation of Lower leg O-Ischial Tuberosity I- Medial Tibial Condyle Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Gracilis, Flexion, Internal rotation of Lower leg O-Anterior inferior aspect of Pubis symphysis & pubic bone I-Distal to medial Tibial condyle Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Popliteus, Flexion, Internal rotation of Lower leg O-Lateral Femoral condyle I-Proximal tibia at popliteal line Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Gastrocnemius, Flexion, O-Lateral, Lateral femoral condyle O-Medial, Medial condyle of Femur I-Posterior surface of Calcaneus Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Plantaris, Flexion O-Lateral linea aspera and Oblique popliteal ligament I-Posterior surface of Calcaneus Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Sartorius, Flexion, Internal Rotation, O-ASIS I-Inferior to condyle of tibia Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Rectus Femoris Extension O-AIIS, Roughened area above Acetabulum I-Patella & Tibial tuberosity Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Vastus Lateralis Extension O-Greater Trochanter, Proximal to Lateral lip of Linea Aspera I-Lateral Patella & Lateral Tibial condyle and Rectus Femoris Tendon Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Vastus Medialis Extension O-Intertrochanteric Line & Linea Aspera I-Medial Tibial condyle, medial Patella & Rectus Femoris tendon Watch Video

Main Knee Region Muscles Vastus Intermedius Extension O-Proximal 2/3 of anterior of Femur I-Inferior aspect of Patella & Tendons of Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Watch Video