IN THE NAME OF “ALLAH” THE MOST BENIFICENT AND THE MOST MERCIFUL 4

instructional objectives Chapter no 2 instructional objectives

What are instructional objectives? “instructional objectives are specific statement of learner behavior of outcomes that are expected to be exhibited after completion of the unit of instruction” Example :after completing this lesson student will be able to Write the name of month in order.

Key role of instructional objectives They provide an important role both in instructional process and assessment process Guides both teaching and learning Communicate the intend of the instruction from others Provide guidelines to assess the learning outcomes of student.

Instructional objectives as learning outcomes It is one of the criteria states instructional objectives in this statement what learner may be able to do Like microscope

HOW TO STATE OBJECTIVES State what we expect from students Shift from teacher to students ROLE OF INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES INTEACHING &LEARNIG PROCESS 1-Fist objectives establish direction 2-Varying degrees of dependence that the product 3-Complexity

Types of learning outcomes Knowledge Understanding Application Thinking skill General skills Attitudes Interests Appreciation adjustment

knowledge Terminology Specific facts Concepts and principals Methods and procedure

Understanding Concepts and principals Methods and procedures Written material , graphs, maps and numerical data Problem situation

Application Factual information Concept and principals Methods and procedures Problem solving skills

Thinking skills Critical thinking Scientific thinking

General skills Laboratory skills Performance skills Communication skills Computational skills Social skills

attitudes Social attitudes Scientific attitudes

Interests Personal interests Educational interests Vocational interests

appreciations Literature, art, and music Social scientific achievements

Adjustment Social adjustment Emotional development

Methods of stating instructional objectives There are two major types of objectives General Specific

General objectives State each general objectives as learning outcomes Begins each general objective with action verb In each objective there might be only one general learning outcome State each objective at the proper level of generality Keep general objective free from course content Minimize the overlap with other objectives

Specific objectives List of a representative sample of specific outcome Begin each specific objective from action verb Make sure relevancy of each specific objective to general objective Consult reference material for specific component . Keep every objective at appropriate level of specification. Keep the specific objectives according to content.

Stating Ins objectives as learning outcomes Don’t state in terms of Teacher performance Learning process Course content Two objectives State in term of performance Know ,identify, Match apply, write etc.

Taxonomies of educational objective Bloom’s taxonomy was presented in 1956 by B.S .Bloom. Three major domains Cognitive domain Effective domain Psychomotor domain These are also called “3H” “Head, Heart and Hand”

Cognitive Domain The cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956) involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. There are six major categories, which are listed in order below, starting from the simplest behavior to the most complex. The categories can be thought of as degrees of difficulties. That is, the first ones must normally be mastered before the next ones can take place.

Affective Domain The affective domain (Krathwohl, Bloom, Masia, 1973) includes the manner in which we deal with things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms, motivations, and attitudes. The five major categories are listed from the simplest behavior to the most complex:  

Psychomotor Domain The psychomotor domain (Simpson, 1972) includes physical movement, coordination, and use of the motor-skill areas. Development of these skills requires practice and is measured in terms of speed, precision, distance, procedures, or techniques in execution. The seven major categories are listed from the simplest behavior to the most complex:

Cognitive domain levels Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis evaluation

COGNATIVE DOMAIN Ability to graps the meaning of material VERB Knowledge Remembering of previously knowledge/recall VERB Know,define,identify,name,list,relate,recall Comprehension Ability to graps the meaning of material VERB Explain ,discuss, draw, express, infer represent, conclude, interpret,

CONT……… Application The ability to use learned material in new and concrete situation . VERB Apply, relate, calculate, develop, show, use, illustrate, demonstrate, organize. Analysis The ability to break down or distingush the part of a material in to its components.

verb Differentiate, compare, investigate, discover, examine, deduce ,classify, detect. Synthesis The ability to put parts together Verb Compose, plan produce, develop, design, collect, predict, relate combine, arrange. Evaluation The ability to check judge the value of material Verb decide,consider,measure,select,estimate, compare,evaluate,conclude.

Affective domain Receiving Responding Valuing Organization Characterization

Psychomotor domain Professor Simpson, Harrow and Dave worked out for this domain. Perception Set Guided response Mechanism Complex overt response Adaptation Origination

Solo Taxonomy Solo stands for Structured Of observed Learning Outcomes Solo taxonomy was developed to understand the level of complexity in student understanding for assessment task.

Levels of solo texonomy pre-structural Uni-structural Multi structural Relational Extended abstract

ALLAH HAFIZ Thank you

Activities for students Let us check learning outcomes of students

Evaluation technique question answering Any five types of learning outcomes? How many domains mentioned in Bloom’s taxonomy? Levels name of cognitive domain? How many levels of affective domain? Any five action verbs related to evaluation? What is solo stands for? Difference between solo and Bloom’s taxonomy ?

This is for qualifying group. Please give them big hands