How our genes are organized

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Presentation transcript:

How our genes are organized Chromosome Mutations

Changes in an organisms chromosome structure are called: MUTATIONS

Four types of chromosomal mutations: Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation

Deletion mutation A piece of a chromosome breaks off completely: Consequence after cell division: new cell will lack a certain set of genes

Duplication mutation A piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to its homologous chromosome: Consequence after cell division: new cell will have an extra set of genes

Translocation mutation A piece of a chromosome breaks off and re-attaches to a non-homologous chromosome: Consequence after cell division: new cell will carry genes in the wrong location

Inversion mutation A piece of a chromosome breaks off and re-attaches to its original chromosome in REVERSE order: Consequence after cell division: new cell will carry genes that are in the wrong order – will code for the WRONG proteins

Wrong order = wrong proteins Changes in the order of genes on chromosomes has dire effects in the organism The wrong sequence will code for the wrong protein In some cases there is little effect, in others the result can be severe or even lethal to the organism.

References National Institutes of Health Carolina Biological Supply Biology Holt (4th Ed.)

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