"The doors of wisdom are never shut." 11/17/2018 Title: Biology 4/11/07 Objectives: To review how proteins are formed and learn about the central dogma of biology. Class Topics Hand in W.S. Making a protein before the bell rings Chapter 10 Quiz 1 Regulating Gene Production E. coli Lac operon Editing RNA Introns and Exons "The doors of wisdom are never shut." Benjamin Franklin Saturday, November 17, 2018 7:46 AM

Class Assignments W.S. Making a protein (beef insulin) 4/11/07 11/17/2018 Class Assignments What By When W.S. Making a protein (beef insulin) 4/11/07 Chapter 10 Quiz 1 4/11/07 Read 215-220 4/13/07 W.S. How can a mutation in DNA… 4/13/07 Chapter 10 Test 4/17/07 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

11/17/2018 Grade Sheet 2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

From: http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu/ 11/17/2018 From: http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu/ lectsupl/Anatomy/Anatomy.html#page7

Postquiz activities Hand in quiz 11/17/2018 Postquiz activities Hand in quiz Pick up W.S. “How can a mutation in DNA affect an organism?” Changes Procedure # 7 – Circle, not color, the bases that are mutations Questions Everywhere it says “genes”, change to “codons” Everywhere it says “protein parts”, change to “amino acids” Read 215-220

Escherichia coli 3 genes are called lac genes 11/17/2018 Escherichia coli 3 genes are called lac genes Each lac gene codes for a protein used in digesting lactose When will E. coli need these lac genes? Only turned on when lactose is present (don’t waste protein and effort)

Regulating Gene Production 11/17/2018 Regulating Gene Production Promoter Section of DNA Binding site for RNA Polymerase Operator Binding site for repressor Repressor DNA binding protein Blocks transcription Inducer Lactose, turns on DNA

From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/induction.html 11/17/2018 From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/induction.html

Introns and Exons The genes are edited - parts are removed 11/17/2018 Introns and Exons The genes are edited - parts are removed Removed parts are called introns The expressed sequences are called exons

From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/rna_synth.html 11/17/2018 From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/rna_synth.html

Mutations Gene alterations Involve the inclusion of a wrong amino acid 11/17/2018 Mutations Gene alterations Involve the inclusion of a wrong amino acid Point mutation Changing one nucleotide Sickle cell anemia Silent mutation (no change in amino acid) Deletion Loss of a nucleotide or segment of DNA Frameshift mutation

From: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/transpos.htm 11/17/2018 Barbara McClintock Insertion A length of DNA is inserted into a gene Transposon “Jumping genes” – like cut and paste on computer Genes that can move from one location on a chromosome to another It can inactivate a gene or cause mutations Transposons are in all organisms Brings together different combinations of genes Evolutionarily important