GENETICS
DNA A coded information molecule passed from generation to generation. In asexual reproduction, or mitosis, an identical copy of the DNA is made. In sexual reproduction, half the DNA from 2 parents is combined (genetic recombination) to form a similar offspring.
Genes DNA is organized into thousands of genes. Genes are segments of DNA that code for a protein. DNA has the instructions for building all of the proteins that make your body.
Genes are represented as stripes or bands on a chromosome
Genes code for characteristics and traits. Genes may be “turned on” or “turned off.” If a gene is coding for a protein, the gene is “on,” or expressed. If the gene is not coding for a protein, the gene is “off,” or not expressed.
Gene expression may ONLY be altered by the ENVIRONMENT Gene expression may ONLY be altered by the ENVIRONMENT !!!!!!!!!!(temperature, weather, sunlight, etc.)
Gene expression may ONLY be altered by the ENVIRONMENT Gene expression may ONLY be altered by the ENVIRONMENT !!!!! (temperature, weather, sunlight, etc.) Rabbit/Fox fur changing from brown to white in winter Human skin getting suntan Leaves changing color in the fall Hair turning gray
DNA replication There are 4 bases in DNA G C A T
DNA replication There are 4 bases in DNA G C A T C G A T
Protein Synthesis In order to build a protein, DNA instructions must first be turned into a strand of mRNA. DNA- GCA TAC GAT mRNA-
Protein Synthesis In order to build a protein, DNA instructions must first be turned into a strand of mRNA. DNA- GCA TAC GAT mRNA- CGU AUG CUA
The mRNA is then sent to the ribosome, where it is read 3 bases at a time. Every 3 bases codes for an amino acid, the building blocks of proteins
Each protein has a specific sequence of amino acids. The sequence of amino acids determines the shape of the protein If you change the amino acid sequence, the shape of the protein might change.
Mutation A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of a gene. deletion, insertion, substitution
Insertion GCAT
Insertion GCAT GCACT
Deletion GCAT
Deletion GCAT GCT
Substitution GCAT
Substitution GCAT GCCT