Gail E. Tompkins California State University, Fresno Literacy in the Middle Grades Teaching Reading and Writing to Fourth to Eighth Graders, 2e Second Edition Gail E. Tompkins California State University, Fresno Prepared by Helen Hoffner Holy Family University This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 8 Text Factors Stories, informational books, and poems can be easy or difficult to read depending upon inherent factors of: Genres Broad Categories of Literature Structures Organizational Patterns Features Conventions such as headings, layout, indexes

Narrative Genres Folklore Fantasy Realistic Fiction Chapter 8 Narrative Genres Folklore Fables, Folktales, Myths, Legends Fantasy Modern Literary Tales, Fantastic Stories, Science Fiction, High Fantasy Realistic Fiction Contemporary Stories, Historical Stories

Elements of Story Structure Chapter 8 Plot Characters Setting Point of View Theme

Points of View First-Person Viewpoint Omniscient Viewpoint Chapter 8 Points of View First-Person Viewpoint Omniscient Viewpoint Limited Omniscient Viewpoint Objective Viewpoint

Poetic Forms Rhymed Verse Narrative Poems Haiku Free Verse Odes Chapter 8 Poetic Forms Rhymed Verse Narrative Poems Haiku Free Verse Odes Concrete Poems

Expository Text Structures Chapter 8 Expository Text Structures Description Sequence Comparison Cause and Effect Problem and Solution

Nonfiction Text Features Chapter 8 Nonfiction Text Features Headings & Subheadings Photographs & Drawings Figures, Maps, & Tables Margin Notes Highlighted Vocabulary Glossary Review Sections Index

Comprehension Strategies Chapter 8 Comprehension Strategies Students apply what they’ve learned about text factors when they: Consider genre Recognize text structure Attend to literary devices When students notice text factors, they’re better able to understand what they’re reading.

Teaching About Text Factors Chapter 8 Teaching About Text Factors Teachers help students understand text factors by providing: Mini-lessons Read-alouds Think-alouds to demonstrate strategies Time to read independently

Assessment Students demonstrate knowledge of text factors by: Chapter 8 Assessment Students demonstrate knowledge of text factors by: Discussing the characteristics of a genre in book talks and grand conversations Applying their understanding of genre when responding to prompts on writing assessments Incorporating literary devices in their own writing Writing poems that are modeled after poems they have read Making graphic organizers