In order for the scientific method to be carried out properly, each experiment must have certain things… You will be required to point out certain key elements in your projects and labs regardless of the topic. These scientific principles will aid you in designing and understanding your procedures and methods. What terms do you need to understand, identify and use within the procedures of your experiment?

But…There are different types of variables…… Variables- Anything and everything in your experiment that has the potential to change. But…There are different types of variables…… Independent Variables- The things in your experiment that you will choose to change. This will typically be the “cause” in your cause and effect statement. Also referred to as the “manipulated variable” Dependent Variables- The things in your experiment that you might “expect” to change as a result of your independent variable. This is what you will measure. This will typically be the “effect” in your cause and effect statement. Also referred to as the “responding variable”

Aside from the two main variables, the Independent and Dependant, other things have the potential to change in your experiment – but there are some things that you do not want to change. Variables held constant- Things that could change but should not. These should stay the same throughout your experiment. If not, they can effect your outcome. Also known as constants because you will make sure that these things are held constant or fixed. Intervening variables– Things that may affect your results other than your independent variable. You must recognize potential intervening variables before your project begins so that you can eliminate them. Control- Something in your experiment that is left alone (under “normal” conditions) so that a comparison can be made.

The difference between good experimentation and bad often boils down to the following factors: Trial – Each time you test an independent variable it is called a trial. Multiple trials insure that your results are accurate. Think of this as repeating a step in your experiment for better accuracy. Sample Size – How many independent variables are in your group? Increasing sample size means increasing potential information. Data- The numbers, measurements or results of your trials. The more data you have, the more accurate your findings will be. Quantitative Measurements – Most experiments must have results that can be measured accurately. That means that quantities, or numbers are a must. Otherwise, data from your dependent variable is meaningless because it cannot be understood or compared.