The Nervous System chapter 37

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Presentation transcript:

The Nervous System chapter 37 direction of impulse The Nervous System chapter 37 info into cell Gathering, analyzing and responding to stimuli - information from internal and external environment - via nerve cells, aka neurons neuron info to next cell All domains of life detect and respond; only animals have a NS

The Nerve Impulse the message takes two forms An electrical message is conducted down the axons of neurons A chemical message bridges the gap - the synapse - between neurons, continuing communication

Membrane (Resting) Potential potential energy due to a difference in charge Greater + charge outside the cell Effect: charge inside cell is negative relative to environment; cell is polarized -70mV at rest Lower +charge inside cell K+ diffusion channels are open, ‘leak’ ions out Na+/K+ pump moves Na+ out of cells, K+ in • Na+/K+ move in facilitated and active transport • Transport proteins are gated channels, triggered first by signal, then changes in voltage

Action Potential drives the impulse down the axon Stimulus/signal open Na+ gates, begin localized depolarization of the membrane Depolarization causes neighboring Na+ channels to open, impulse moves forward Adjacent Na+ channels close, K+ gated channels open, membrane is repolarized

Action Potential not just any stimulus will do Na+ gates open Na+ gates close K+ gates open Not enough stimulus to reach threshold, gates do not open no registering of stimulus, no impulse http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html

Myelin Sheath insulates the Axon impulse travels faster Schwann cells wrap around the axon, creating ‘insulating’ myelin sheath, for faster transmission No ion channels in sheathed regions only at Nodes of Ranvier No sheath? Muscular Dystrophy

The synapse A chemical message http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__chemical_synapse__quiz_1_.html Action potential axon neurotransmitter vessicle re-uptake of neurotransmitter neurotransmitter molecules Ex: acetylcholine, norepinephine, seratonin, dendrite exocytosis Action potential restarts receptors

functional analogy – student after school 5 4 2 1 7 3 6 A = 1, 3, 7 B = 4 C = 2 D = 6 E = 5 A. hanging out at home, watching TV B. a friend texts; you answer it, make plans C. your mom calls; you don’t answer D. you take a short nap E. you meet up with your friend, act on the plan