Warm-Up: Levels of an Ecosystem Label each descriptions as a population, community, or ecosystem. Owls, mice, and grass all live in one area. Owls, mice and grass all live in an area near a pond that receives lots of sunlight. Eight owls all live in one area.

Animal Relationships & Adaptations

Niche =

Niche = organism’s role in an ecosystem

Relationships in an Ecosystem 3 types of relationships: predation competition symbiosis

Predation =

Predation = one organism is a food source for another organism Predator = hunter Prey = food

Competition =

Competition = struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

limited resources = “Limiting Factors” Competition limited resources = “Limiting Factors” Examples?

largest population an environment can support = Competition largest population an environment can support = Carrying Capacity

Symbiosis =

Symbiosis = relationship between 2 organisms that benefits at least 1 of the organisms 3 types of symbiosis: mutualism commensalism parasitism

Mutualism = both organisms benefit

Commensalism = 1 organism benefits, other is not harmed

Parasitism = 1 organism benefits, other is harmed

Animal Adaptations 2 types: Structural Behavioral

Structural Adaptation = inherited physical characteristic Adaptation that an animal “HAS”

Structural Adaptation Escaping predators Examples?

Structural Adaptation Obtaining food Examples?

Structural Adaptation Reproducing Examples?

Behavioral Adaptation = inherited behavior Adaptation that an animal “DOES”

Behavioral Adaptation Camouflage = blending in with environment Examples?

Behavioral Adaptation Mimicry = acting like a different organism Examples?

Behavioral Adaptation Courtship = males & females of a species prepare for mating Examples?

Behavioral Adaptation Hibernation = greatly reduced body activity during winter Examples?

Behavioral Adaptation Migration = periodic journey of an animal from one place & back again Examples?

Instinct vs. Learning Instinct =

Instinct vs. Learning Instinct = behavior an animal can perform without being taught

Instinct vs. Learning Learning =

Instinct vs. Learning Learning = animal requires practice & experience to perform the behavior 4 types: conditioning trial-and-error insight imprinting

Conditioning = connecting a stimulus to a good or bad event

Trial-and-error = performing a behavior more skillfully with repeated practice

Insight = applying knowledge to solve a new problem

Imprinting = some newborn animals follow the first moving object they see