Introduction to AP Human Geography Mr. Stepek

Movement Movement of people = migration (Unit 2) Movement of ideas/culture = “diffusion” (Unit 3) hearth = place of origination 1) Relocation diffusion spread through migration 2) Expansion diffusion = spread without physical relocation, snow ball effect as more people/area exposed a) Contagious fast, widespread to those in contact or adjacent (like disease) b) Hierarchical spread through nodes of power or influence or authority Stimulus examples = Cherokee alphabet, development of Judeo-Christianity, changes to fast food menus

Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”) hearth = place of origination 1) Relocation diffusion spread thru migration 2) Expansion diffusion = spread without physical relocation, snow ball effect as more people/area exposed a) Contagious fast, widespread to those in contact or adjacent (like disease) b) Hierarchical spread through nodes of power or influence or authority c) Stimulus underlying principles/idea spread but not end product Stimulus examples = Cherokee alphabet, development of Judeo-Christianity, changes to fast food menus

Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”) Barriers to diffusion physical and cultural barriers distance “distance decay” (Tobler’s Law) Time-space compression reduction of time it takes for diffusion especially quickened by technology (adv. trans, telecomm., the internet) Stimulus examples = Cherokee alphabet, development of Judeo-Christianity, changes to fast food menus

Globalization set of processes that are: increasing interactions deepening relationships heightening interdependence without regard to country borders set of outcomes that are: unevenly distributed varying across scales differently manifested throughout the world.

“Site and Situation” London Site: Situation 1530 = 50,000 site = what gives a location its distinctive character (land, labor and capital) (combines absolute location w/place characteristics) situation = how the “site” factors give this location importance (what connections does it facilitate? what advantages does the site factor give?) (relative location and movement) London Site: island North Atlantic Thames River = estuary Situation protected from invasion ideal for triangular trade 1530 = 50,000 1750 = 750,000

New York City “Site and Situation” island large, natural, deep-water harbor Atlantic coast mouth of Hudson River ideal for shipping docks numerous and protected connect to Europe triangular trade, connects to the interior Erie Canal (1825) before RRs ship through Great Lakes access to raw materials center of commerce and trade overtakes Philly as largest port fresh water supply for huge pop.

New York City “Site and Situation”