Eoc boot camp vocab civics

senate

The upper house of congress, consisting of two representatives from each state

Implied powers

Power that congress has that is not stated explicitly in the constitution

Global interdependence

The reliance of people and countries around the world on one another for goods and services

Miranda v. Arizona

Ruled that at the time of arrest, suspects cannot be questioned until informed of their rights

pardon

A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment

Reprieve

An order to delay a person’s punishment until a higher court can hear the case

Due process

Following established legal procedures

propaganda

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view

impeach

To accuse government officials of misconduct in office

federalists

Supporters of the constitution

United states v. nixon

Proved that even the president was not above the law, thereby reinforcing the rule of law

felonies

A type of crime more serious than a misdemeanor, such as murder, rape, kidnapping, or robbery

bias

Favoring one view

symbolism

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

Legislative branch

The lawmaking branch of government; congress

Executive branch

The branch of government that carries out laws; president

Judicial branch

The branch of government that interprets laws; supreme court

Unalienable rights

refers to that which cannot be given away or taken away

misdemeanors

The least serious type of crime; minor crime for which a person can be fined a small sum of money or jailed for up to a year

Diplomacy

the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.

naturalization

A legal process to obtain citizenship

Enumerated powers

Powers granted directly to the national government by the constitution; another name for expressed powers

Concurrent powers

Powers shared by the state and federal governments

Public policy

The course of action the government takes in response to an issue or a problem

Rule of law

Principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

Article

One of several main parts of the constitution

anarchy

The absence of any form of government

Expressed powers

Power that the u.s. congress has that is specifically listed in the constitution

suffrage

The right to vote

Elastic clause

Gives congress the right to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its expressed powers

compact

An official agreement made by two or more parties

Poll tax

A sum of money required of voters before they are permitted to cast a ballot

ordinance

A law, usually of a city or county

Gideon v. wainwright

Declared that a person accused of a major crime had the right to legal counsel during a trial

House of representatives

The lower house of congress, consisting of a different number of representatives from each state, depending on population

Consent of the governed

An agreement made by the people to establish a government and abide by its laws

unitary

A system of government In which power resides with the central government

citizenship

Rights and duties of members of a state

Separation of powers

The split of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

Reserved powers

Powers that the constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states

Representative democracy

A government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf

Checks and balances

A system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others

Natural rights

Freedoms people possess relating to life, liberty, and property

Plessy v. ferguson

African-americans could be provided with “separate but equal” public facilities

Socialism

System in which society, either directly or indirectly through the government, controls all aspects of the economy

Constitutional monarchy

Monarchy in which the power of the heredity ruler is limited by the country’s constitution and laws

Commander -in- chief

President is the leader of the nation’s armed forces

segregation

The separation of people based on color or race

Bush v. gore

Ruled that florida recount of presidential votes violated fourteenth amendment; recount stopped and bush became president

Brown v. board of education

Ruled on desegregation of public schools

Social contract

An agreement among people in a society with a government

Communism

All productive resources are government owned and operated; Government makes all major economic decisions

Anti-federalists

Those who opposed ratification of the constitution

Marbury v. madison

Established the supreme court’s power of judicial review

boycott

The refusal to purchase certain goods or services

Lobbyist

Representative of an interest group who contacts lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making

immigrants

A person who moves permanently to a new country

Popular sovereignty

The idea that power lies with the people

citizens

Community member who owes loyalty to the government and is entitled to protection from it

democracy

A government in which citizens hold the power to rule

federalism

A form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states

preamble

Opening section of the constitution; states the goals and purposes of the government

Supremacy clause

Makes the federal laws prevail over state laws when there is a conflict

Dual-court system

A court system made up of both federal and state courts

Judicial review

The power of the supreme court to say whether any federal, state, or local law or government action goes against the constitution

Mcculloch v. Maryland

Ruled that in a conflict between national and state power, the national government is supreme