Activator? What is a mutation? What happens when there is a mutation? DNA Mutations Activator? What is a mutation? What happens when there is a mutation?

REVIEW ACTIVATOR We know that DNA is the very thing that makes us unique and different than every other living human on Earth. Our DNA is in a set code that gave us instructions on how our bodies would be created. We know that our DNA comes in 4 nuleotides:

Nucleotide Pairs Air goes in Tires A T G C Apples in trees Gas in Cars Car in Garage These pairs create a sequence that results in instructions for creating different proteins.

MRNA is our MESSeNGER for DNA When sending the DNA code to RIBOSOMES to make the PROTEINS, THE MRNA changes the code. IT TRANSCRIBES IT, this process is Transcription This change is seen in when U replaces T. SO now A pairs with U ONLY in Transcription.

So when the M-RNA gets to the Ribosome T-RNA So when the M-RNA gets to the Ribosome , it must be Translated back to its original code. The T-RNA uses TRANSLATION TO DO THIS. Protein Making can begin.

This is a Normal Dna Strand… What happens if they code gets messed up??

There are many different ways that DNA can be changed, when this happens it is called a MUTATION.

There are different types of Mutations. Substitution A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G).

Sickle Cell Anaemia is an Example of a mutation This means your Red Blood cells are misshaped and cant carry enough oxygen.

There are different types of Mutations. Insertion Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.

There are different types of Mutations. Deletion Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted

ONLY IN SEX CELLS”Gametes”…..Sperm or Eggs can Mutations be passed on. Mutations in body cells may be passed on to new cells of the individual as a result of mitosis, but will NOT be transmitted to the offspring.