Structure and Function The Cell Structure and Function

Recall the Cell Theory 1. The cell is the basic unit of life 2. All living things are composed of one or more cells 3. All cells come from other cells

Types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles Ex: Bacteria Eukaryotes Have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles Ex: Cheek Cell (Human), Plant cell

Types of Living Things Unicellular Multicellular Composed of only one cell Multicellular Composed of many cells

Basic Structures Animal Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole Plant Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Large Vacuole* Cell Wall* Chloroplast*

SpecializedStructures Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)# Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Body# Mitochondria# #Membrane Bound Organelles Lysosome# Cytoskeleton Centriole Cilia Flagella

Ribosome Function: Build protein using mRNA and amino acids (on tRNA) Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm Some ribosomes are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) There are two types of ER: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

RER Ribosomes are attached to it, giving it a rough appearance Transports proteins made by the ribosomes on surface to other places (especially Golgi body) Helps produce cell membranes

SER Smooth appearance because there are no ribosomes attached to it Has enzymes that break down toxins (like alcohol) Helps produce lipids

Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus) Vesicles from the RER bring proteins here Processes, sorts and sends proteins to their proper destinations in & outside of the cell (FedEx of the cell)

Mitochondria Breaks down organic molecules (glucose) to make ATP for energy (Cellular Respiration!) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) : an energy-storing molecule (gasoline for the cell); your cells break it down quickly to release needed energy There are a lot of mitochondria in the muscles and heart because they need lots of energy

Lysosomes Membrane-bound organelle Contains digestive enzymes that break down food and old parts of the cell

Cytoskeleton Long, thin structure in the cytoplasm Gives shape and structure to the cell

Centriole Only present when the cell is dividing Play an important role in cell reproduction

Cilia Flagella Enable unicellular organisms to move Cilia is hairlike, flagella is like a tail In multicellular organisms: Cilia found in the windpipe move mucus out of the lungs Flagella help sperm move

Make sure you know function of the following structures: Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloroplast Large Central Vacuole

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Cilia Flagella Cell Wall Chloroplasts Vacuole Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Nucleus Chromosomes Nucleolus Mitochondria Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Study Resources: www.cellsalive.com Interactive organelle review! Take a quiz and get your score! http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab3/biolab3_2.html View pictures of cells under a microscope!