LAN 405 Beginning Hebrew II *Photo from https://www.flickr.com/photos/58558794@N07/7628799526/in/photostream/ Class V: Qal Participle (ch. 22) Dr. Esa Autero

Qal Participle 1.1 Introduction English participle Add “-ing” to a verb: sitting, seeing etc. Participle is a verbal adjective Hebrew participle has Stem (Qal, nipf, piel etc.) Voice (active or passive) Number and gender (sg./pl & masc.fem.) May be used attributively: “the sleeping student” Predicatively: “the student is sleeping” Substantively: “The one who studies” Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/

קֹטֵל Qal Participle קֹטֵל קֹטְלִים קֹטֶ֫לֶת קֹטְלוֹת קֹטְלָה ־ ־ ִים 2.1 Formation of Hebrew Participle Strong verb paradigm Feminine has two separate endings Participles inflected only for gender and number – not person Holem in the 1st syllabus diagnostic for Qal act. participle [Holem-Tsere] Active Participle Singular Plural Masc. קֹטֵל קֹטְלִים Fem. קֹטֶ֫לֶת קֹטְלוֹת קֹטְלָה ־ Inflectional endings Singular Plural Masc. ־ ִים Fem. ֶת וֹת ָה

Qal Participle עֹמֵד עֹמְדִים עֹמֶ֫דֶת עֹמְדוֹת עֹמְדָה ־ נֹפֵל Qal Active Participle: Weak Verbs In Qal all I-Guttural, I-נ, and I-י and Geminate verbs follow strong pattern Pts. Singular Plural Masc. עֹמֵד עֹמְדִים Fem. עֹמֶ֫דֶת עֹמְדוֹת עֹמְדָה ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. נֹפֵל נֹפְלִים Fem. נֹפֶ֫לֶת נֹפְלוֹת נֹפְלָה ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. יֹשֵׁב יֹשְׁבִים Fem. יֹשֶׁ֫בֶת יֹשְׁבֹות יֹשְׁבָה ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. סֹבֵב סֹבְבִים Fem. סֹבֶ֫בֶת סֹבְבוֹת סֹבְבָה ־

Qal Participle בֹּחֵר בֹּחֲרִים בֹּחֶ֫רֶת בֹּחֲרוֹת בֹּחֲרָה ־ שֹׁאֵל Changes in all other weak verb patterns 1) II-Guttural Verbs Note the Holem-Tsere vowel pattern Hateph Pathach instead of Shewa Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בֹּחֵר בֹּחֲרִים Fem. בֹּחֶ֫רֶת בֹּחֲרוֹת בֹּחֲרָה ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. שֹׁאֵל שֹׁאֲלִים Fem. שֹׁאֶ֫לֶת שֹׁאֲלוֹת שֹׁאֲלָה ־ *To choose & ask/demand

Qal Participle שֹׁלֵחַ שֹׁלְחִים שֹׁלַ֫חַת שֹׁלְחוֹת שֹׁלחָה ־ שֹׁמֵעַ 2) III-ח/עVerbs Gutturals prefer a-class vowels Note the Furtive Pathach Pts. Singular Plural Masc. שֹׁלֵחַ שֹׁלְחִים Fem. שֹׁלַ֫חַת שֹׁלְחוֹת שֹׁלחָה ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. שֹׁמֵעַ שֹׁמְעִים Fem. שֹׁמַ֫עַת שֹׁמְעוֹת שֹׁמְעָה ־

Qal Participle מֹצֵא מֹצְאִים מֹצֵאת מֹצְאוֹת מֹצְאָה ־ 3) III-אVerbs Aleph is quiescent Pts. Singular Plural Masc. מֹצֵא מֹצְאִים Fem. מֹצֵאת מֹצְאוֹת מֹצְאָה ־

Qal Participle בֹּנֶה בֹּנִים בֹּנָה בֹּנוֹת בֹּנִיָּה ־ קָם קָמִים 4) III-ה Verbs Final root consonant ה is lost Presence of mater lectionis 5) Biconsonantal Verbs Lacks diagnostic Holem Memorize paradigm! Identical to Qal pf. 3ms Identical to Qal pf. 3fs  Context (and accent) as clues to identification Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בֹּנֶה בֹּנִים Fem. בֹּנָה בֹּנוֹת בֹּנִיָּה ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. קָם קָמִים Fem. קָמָה קָמוֹת

Qal Participle הָעָם הַיֹשֵׁב בָּאָרֶץ הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי 2.2 The Use and Meaning of Qal Active Participle 1) Attributive use Participle modifies a noun – attributive use “sleeping giant” “running water” The participle comes after the noun it modifies Participle must match noun in gender, number, and definiteness Translate as “the giant who is sleeping” “the water that is running” הָעָם הַיֹשֵׁב בָּאָרֶץ The people who dwell (who are dwelling) in the land (Num 13:28) הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי The angel who was speaking with me (Zech 2:2)

Qal Participle וְהָהָר בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ וּשְׁמוּאֵל שֹׁכֵב בְּהֵיכַל 2) Predicative Use The participle asserts something about the noun “The giant is sleeping” “the water is running” Adjective matches the noun in gender and number but not in definiteness Participle never takes the definite article – participle usually follows noun Participle is “tenseless” – tense comes from the context וְהָהָר בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ And the mountain was burning with fire (Deut 4:11) וּשְׁמוּאֵל שֹׁכֵב בְּהֵיכַל And Samuel was lying down in (the) temple (1 Sam 3:3)

Qal Participle הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּגַּנִּים 3) Substantive Use Participle used independently as a noun – “one who” performs a certain action Participle behaves like a noun May function as a subject or object, take definite article, be in construct chain, and take suffixes or prepositional prefixes הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּגַּנִּים The one who dwells in the gardens (Song of Songs 8:13) וְלֹא יִישָׁן שׁוֹמֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל And the One who keeps Israel will not sleep (Ps 121:4)

קָטוּל Qal Participle קָטוּל קְטוּלִים קְטוּלָה קְטוּלוֹת ־ ִים ָה וֹת 2.3 The Formation of Qal Passive Participle Passive participle – add helping verb “be” + “ing” in translation “being killed” “being written” Passive participle paradigm Diagnostic feature of pass. part. = Qamets-Shureq Vocal Shewa on 1st root consonant (fs, mp, fp) I-Gutturals have Hateph pathach Pts. Singular Plural Masc. קָטוּל קְטוּלִים Fem. קְטוּלָה קְטוּלוֹת Pts. Singular Plural Masc. ־ ִים Fem. ָה וֹת קָטוּל

Qal Participle עָזוּב שָׂנוּא שָׁאוּל שָׁחוּט אָכוּל פָּתוּחַ יָדוּעַ Some examples – only masc. sg. form עָזוּב Abandoned שָׂנוּא Hated שָׁאוּל Asked שָׁחוּט Slaughtered אָכוּל Eaten פָּתוּחַ Opened יָדוּעַ Known נָטוּעַ Planted אָרוּר Cursed יָעוּץ Advised

Qal Participle י stands in the place of third root consonant בָּנוּי III-ה passive participle have a unique form י stands in the place of third root consonant E.g. נְטוּיָה is fs. Qal. Pass. Pt. of נָטָה (to stretch out) Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בָּנוּי בְּנוּיִים Fem. בְּנוּיָה בְּנוּיוֹת

Qal Participle הַבְּרִית הַכְּתוּבָה בְּסֶפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה 2.4 The Use of Qal. Passive Participle Used like Active participle (attributively, predicatively, substantively) 1) Attributive use Participle follows noun it modifies and agrees in gender, number, and definitiveness הַבְּרִית הַכְּתוּבָה בְּסֶפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה The covenant written in this book of the law (Deut 29:20) וַיִּבֶן אֶת־כָּל־הַחוֹמָה הַפְּרוּצָה (and) he (re)built all of the broken wall (2 Chr 32:5)

Qal Participle בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה לְאוֹלָם 2) Predicative usage Participle either precedes or follows the noun it modifies and agrees in gender and number (not definiteness) בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה לְאוֹלָם Blessed is the LORD forever (Ps 89:53/2) בָּרוּךְ הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר יִבְטַח בַּיהוָה Blessed in the man who trusts in the LORD (Jer 17:7)

Qal Participle וְהֶחָלוּץ יַעֲבֹר לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן יְהוָה 3) Substantive use Participles used independently as nouns; “one who” performs a certain action – behaves like a noun וְהֶחָלוּץ יַעֲבֹר לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן יְהוָה And the one equipped (for battle) will pass before the ark of the LORD (Josh 6:7) וְתַחַת הֲרוּגִים יִפֹּלוּ And they will fall among the slain ones (Isa 10:4)

Qal Participle הַהֹלֵךְ בַּשָּׂדֶה לְשֹׁמְרֵי בְרִיתוֹ Participles with prefixes and suffixes E.g. definite article, prepositional prefixes, pronominal suffixes הַהֹלֵךְ בַּשָּׂדֶה The one who walks in the field (Gen 24:65) לְשֹׁמְרֵי בְרִיתוֹ To those who keep his covenant (Ps 103:18) אֲנִי יְהוָה רֹפְאֶךָ I am the LORD who heals you (Ex 15:26) יֹדְעֵי טוֹב וָרָע Knowing good and evil (Gen 3:5)

Qal Participle Practice Homework Workbook p. 179, no: 2-6 See next class’ ppts (Class VI) *Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/