Part 4 Lower Body Anatomy Skeletal System Part 4 Lower Body Anatomy

Pelvic Girdle (Hip) Attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton Strongest ligaments in body located here Formed by hip bones (each called a coxal) Deep, basin like structure formed is the bony pelvis

Pelvic Girdle Children  3 hip bones named the ilium, ischium, and pubis Adults  bones fuse together

Pelvic Structure and Childbearing Female pelvis  wider, shallower, lighter, rounder

Lower Limb Carry entire weight of body Subject to a lot of forces Thicker, stronger Thigh, legs, foot

Thigh Femur- only bone of thigh Largest, strongest, bone in body The neck is the weakest part of femur (when it fractures it is called a broken hip)

Patella Triangular bone Anchors thigh muscles to tibia Protects joints

Leg Tibia and fibula Connected by a membrane Joints of leg allow for almost no movement

Tibia Gets weight of the body from the femur Transmits weight to foot Second strongest bone in body

Fibula Does not contribute to knee joints Does not bear weight

Pott’s Fracture Fracture of the fibula/tibia (or both) Common in sports

Foot Tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges 2 functions: support and acts as a lever

Tarsus Made of several tarsal bones Body weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus (heel) Thick tendon (calcaneal or Achilles tendon) attaches to calcaneus

Metatarsus 5 small, long bones Numbered 1-5

Phalanges 14 phalanges Smaller than fingers

Arches of Foot 3 arches (medial, lateral, transverse) Maintained by bones, ligaments, and tendons Makes running more economical (gives spring to step)

Cleft Palate Right and left halves of palate fail to fuse

Dysplasia Hip bones don’t fuse correctly (if at all) Ligaments are loose because of that Femur can slip out of bone Treatment (surgery) needed ASAP