Lec~3 (Ch. 18 615-624) Obj: Understand the cause for the The Reign of Terror The "Radical" Phase 1793-1794 Special Fonts: Biblo Display Black Chancery Davys Other Wingdings Edwardian Script ITC Even More Dings JL Nosferatu Press Writer Symbols Skullz Lec~3 (Ch. 18 615-624) Obj: Understand the cause for the terror and its results 1

Committee of Public Safety (COPS) Goal: To save the Revolution Oversee & speed up the work of the gov. during this crisis 16,000 – 50,000 executed. responsible for the pursuit of counter-revolutionaries, the Law of General Maximum September 5, 1793. Limited prices of grain & other essentials to 1/3 above the 1790 prices & wages to ½ of 1790 figures. Prices would be strictly enforced. Hoarders rooted out and punished. Food supplies would be secured by the army! treatment of suspects, & other internal security matters. Law of Suspects September 17, 1793. This law was so widely drawn that almost anyone not expressing enthusiastic support for the republic could be placed under arrest! Goal: To save the Revolution 2

Leaders of the Terror (1793-94) Marat (1744 – 1793) Danton (1759 – 1794) Maximilien Robespierre (1758 – 1794) 3

Were you an “enemy of the people?” (very broad) The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris Were you an “enemy of the people?” (very broad) Executed 2,639 victims in 15 months Victims nationwide~ over 20,000! 300,000 arrested 4

Different Social Classes Executed 7% 8% 28% 25% 31% “Let terror be the order of the day!” 5

Religious Terror: De-Christianization (1793-1794) The Catholic Church symbol of counter-revolution & Ancient Régime Religion had no place in a rational, secular republic The adoption of a new Republican Calendar: Abolished Sundays & religious holidays. months named after seasonal features. 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day decades. the yearly calendar was dated from the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792] 6

No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution! The Radical’s Arms: No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution! 7

The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939! 9

The “Thermidorean Reaction,” 1794 The Arrest of Robespierre July 26  Robespierre gives a speech illustrating new plots & conspiracies alienated members of COPS July 27  the Convention arrests Robespierre July 28  Robespierre is tried & guillotined The Arrest of Robespierre 10

The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children! Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794. Danton Awaits Execution, 1793 11

The Death of Marat Jacques Louis David 1793 ~ Neoclassical Marat…radical of revolution killed by counter-revolutionary by Charlotte Corday Jacques Louis David 1793 ~ Neoclassical Paul Jacques Aimee 19c. Romanticism 12

Revolutionary Accomplishments by the Convention Destroyed the Ancient Regime Overthrew the Monarchy Brought church under gov. control Continuing reform of schools & other social services Abolished slavery within France (1791) French colonies (1794) Legalized divorce and shared inheritance laws [even for illegitimate offspring] in an attempt to destroy inequalities 13

The N.C. Establishes… The Government of the Directory Could not solve problems 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte seized power over France coup d’ etat

Fun Stuff to Do… Living in the Past~ complete handout Sample M.C questions (you have this) Be ready for an LEQ tomorrow