WHII: SOL 4 b,c Americas

Americas Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America

Division of the New World Line of Demarcation: 1493 established by Pope Alexander VI Spain got all lands west of the line Portugal got all lands east of the line Treaty of Tordesillas: agreement between Spain and Portugal establishing the Line of Demarcation Pushed other nations to establish their empires quickly

North and South America Spain and Portugal establish colonies in Central and South America England, France, and Netherlands establish colonies in North America

Spanish Conquistadors Aztecs Hernando Cortes traveled to Tenochtitlan Malinche served as translator and advisor Montezuma feared Cortes was Quetzalcoatl He sent gifts but warned the visitors not to come to Tenochtitlan Cortes decimated Tenochtitlan and built Mexico City

Spanish Conquistadors Incas Francisco Pizarro arrived just after Atahualpa had won a civil war Captured the Incan ruler, demanded a ransom Incans paid the ransom, but Pizarro killed Atahualpa anyway Took control of most of South America

Legacy of Conquistadors Disease (smallpox, measles, diphtheria) Horses Cannons Guns Christianity Gold and Silver from Americas made Spain the world power

Spanish Colonization Divided land into provinces governed by viceroys Converted many Natives to Christianity Controlled economics and trade in colonies Established the encomienda system: a system of demanding labor from the Native Americans Many natives became peons, worked forced to labor to pay off a debt

Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved

Rigid Class System “Caste” System of Spanish colonies Peninsulares: from Spain (Iberian Peninsula) Creoles: American born children of peninsulares Mestizos: mix of Native American and Spanish Mulattoes: mix of African and Spanish Native American Slaves African Slaves

Legacy Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries Languages Religion Customs

Written Response Imagine you are a native American. Write 3 paragraphs explaining how and why the Europeans took over your empire and how life has changed since.