Napoleon Forges an Empire A military genius, Napoleon Bonaparte, seized power in France and made himself emperor.

I. NAPOLEON GRASPS THE POWER Terror of Revolution Ends with Robspierre’s execution a. Public opinion shifted right b. National Convention drafted new plan of government c.. Appointed head of French army in 1796: Napoleon “The General” Bonaparte B. Coup d’Etat a. Nov. 9, 1799— Napoleon seizes political power b. Put in charge of French military C. Next day, forced everyone out of the legislature

II. NAPOLEON RULES FRANCE A. Restoring Order at Home 1. Stable economy and equality in taxation 2. National bank 3. Lycees—government-run public schools 4. Religious toleration 5. Napoleonic Code—set of laws a. Restricted many freedoms won by the revolution b. Speech, press, slavery B. Napoleon Crowned as Emperor 1. Dec 2, 1804-crowned Emperor

III. NAPOLEON CREATES AN EMPIRE A. New World Territories a. Louisiana Purchase i.1803-Jefferson and Napoleon agree on $15 million B. Conquering Europe a. Napoleon wins new territory for France “The sale assures forever the power of the United States, and I given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride” -Napoleon

The Battle of Trafalgar C. The Battle of Trafalgar a. French defeated by Admiral Nelson b. 2 major outcomes 1. Secured British naval supremacy for next 100 years 2. Forced Napoleon to give up plans of invading Britain D. The French Empire a. Huge but unstable- b. Growing support of own nation

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Napoleon’s conquests aroused nationalistic feelings across Europe and contributed to his downfall.

I. NAPOLEON’S COSTLY MISTAKES A. The Continental System—blockade of Britain 1. Britain responded with blockade of their own 2. Led to War of 1812 B. The Peninsular War 1. France tried to invade Portugal 2. Spaniards and Catholics rebelled 3. Napoleon lost 300,000 men “I love power as a musician loves his violin.”

C. Invasion of Russia 1. 1812 2. Scorched Earth Policy—as Russians retreated they slaughtered livestock and burned grain 3. Sept 14, Napoleon takes Moscow a. Russians burned it 4. Napoleon retreated a. cold, raiders, and starvation killed most of remaining army b. Started with 422,000—ended with 10,000

II. NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL Austrians, Russians, and Prussians (the Coalition) took Paris Napoleon forced to surrender, banished to Elba in 1814 Attempts to retake control in 1815 “hundred days” Fails, returns to exile where he dies in 1821 “He was as great a man can be without virtue”