CHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues Second Edition MICHAEL D. JOHNSON CHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

DNA Sequencing Figure 20.1

DNA Sequencing: DNA Structure Primers DNA Polymerase

Gel Electrophoresis Figure 20.2

Recombinant DNA Technique Figure 20.3

Laboratory Modified DNA Recombinant DNA: Cutting, Splicing, Copying DNA Restriction Enzymes DNA Ligases Plasmids

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Figure 20.4

Genetic Engineering: Transgenic Organisms Transgenic Bacterial Uses Insulin Human Growth Hormone Erythropoeitin Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Vaccines

Genetic Engineering: Transgenic Organisms Transgenic Plants Increased resistance to freezing Longer shelf life Increased Vitamin A Edible Vaccines Human Proteins, i.e., albumin

Transgenic Plants Concerns “Frankenfoods” Plant disease susceptibility

Transgenic Animals Bigger challenges Successes No plasmid use Cloning more difficult Successes Bovine growth hormone for faster animal growth “gene farming”

Genetic Map Figure 20.10.1

Genetic Map Figure 20.10.2

Gene Therapy: Hope of the Future Obstacles Transplant into “right” cells Into reproductive cells?

Vectors Transfer Genes to Human Cells Figure 20.11

Vectors Transfer Genes to Human Cells Retroviruses Liposomes Direct DNA injection

Gene Therapy Successes Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Success Cystic Fibrosis Cancer Research