CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY CHAPTER 2, PAGES 59-61 PROBLEMS IN EUROPE 1919-1933 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY CHAPTER 2, PAGES 59-61

Prepare four lists, Britain, the USSR, France and Germany Prepare four lists, Britain, the USSR, France and Germany. Each list should contain the following: Foreign policy aims How those aims were put into practice Any changes in attitudes detected and the reasons for them

Compile a group list outlining the main issues which caused problems in relations between European nations 1919-33 discuss the list and put the items into an order of significance.

FRANCE AND GERMANY France was uncompromising in their demands that Germany pay reparations Germany couldn’t afford to pay France took over the Ruhr region Hurt German economy even more

France and Germany (continued) New leadership in both countries France agreed to Dawes Plan, Locarno Treaties, Kellogg-Briand Pact and the Young plan Thus improving relations between the two countries Briand, France Stresemann, Germany

Briand (France) and Stresemann (Germany)

French concerns The Treaty of Versailles guaranteed that Britain and the USA would support France if Germany attacked again. Problem?

Little Entente

The USSR and Europe The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution caused alarm in Europe Comintern: Communist International held meeting in Moscow where the chairman announced, “in a year the whole of Europe will be communist.”

Russian Civil War 1917-1922 Britain, France, USA and Japan supported the opponents of the Bolsheviks (but the Red Army wins) After the war, Lenin took focus off world-wide revolution and wanted peaceful coexistence and economic cooperation with other countries.

USSR and Germany Both were viewed as outcasts in Europe after WW I Treaty of Rapallo (1921) - established friendly relations and trade agreements between the two France and Poland were uncomfortable with the treaty Lasts until 1930s when Nazi’s rise in Germany (Nazi’s don’t like communism)

USSR and France French were particularly resentful of Bolsheviks - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended Franco-Russo alliance Threat of revolution in France was very realistic France was the one who refused to allow Russia in peace talks did not become friendly again until the 1930s when Nazi’s were on the rise in Germany

USSR and Britain Britain was suspicious of Russia’s communist government, but did want to trade Britain was one of the first to formally recognize Russia’s new Bolshevik government: Anglo- Russian trade treaty in 1921 USSR encouraged communist movements in India, causing Britain to end diplomatic ties with USSR in 1932, Britain cancelled trade agreement and 4 British engineers in Moscow were arrested as spies. Relations sour.

Identify the key reasons why Wilson believed that the USA should ratify the peace settlement and why Cabot Lodge and Borah disagreed.