Fired process heater (FH) – Video introduction

Fired process heater

API 560 typical heater types

API 560 typical burner types

Heater components Recuperating air preheating Indirect closed air preheating External air preheating

Applications Process heaters are used in petroleum refineries, power plants and chemical processing industries such as glass industry, cement plants, petrochemicals and synthetics, olefins, ammonia, fertilizer plants, etc. In a petroleum refinery the unit operations that utilize process heaters include: ► Distillation ► Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) ► Alkylation ► Catalytic Reforming ► Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR) ► Thermal Cracking ► Coking ► Hydrocracking https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

Process heater design parts

Process heater design parts continues .. Breeching section – transition between convection and stack to recover as much heat before leaving the former Convection section or preheater - where heat is removed from flue gas to preheat contents of tubes Shield section – to shield convection pipes from direct radiant heat Radiant section or a firebox - where radiant heat from the burner is transferred to tubes (85%). The most expensive part in heater. Draft - negative pressure (vacuum) of the air and/or flue gas measured at any point in the heater measured in in-H2O water column (WC) www.ametekpi.com

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Fired process heater draft design

Problems in convection section Draft modes www.ametekpi.com Flue Problems in convection section Tramp air O2 error Tall flame Air damper / register Correct draft positive draft Negative draft

Fired process heater Furnace Improvements Services Inc. Vertical cylindrical heater Inclined firing burner

Fired process heater - refractory materials Refractory is used to shield the heater metal casing to 180°F (API 560 specification). Refractory materials are: ceramic fiber – fibrous refractory insulation which can be in the form of refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) or man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) NOTE: Common forms include bulk, blanket, board, and modules. castable – insulating concrete poured or gunned in place to form a rigid refractory shape or structure multi-component lining – refractory system consisting of two or more layers of different refractory types hot-face layer– refractory layer exposed to the highest temperatures in a multilayer or multicomponent lining The most common types are castable and ceramic fiber. www.ametekpi.com