Impact of Undertreatment of Cancer Pain With Analgesic Drugs on Patient Outcomes: A Nationwide Survey of Outpatient Cancer Patient Care in Taiwan  Wen-Chi Shen, MD, Jen-Shi Chen, MD, Yu-Yun Shao, MD, Kuan-Der Lee, MD, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, MD, Yung-Chuan Sung, MD, Kun- Ming Rau, MD, Chia-Jui Yen, MD, Yu-Min Liao, MD, Ta-Chih Liu, MD, Ming-Fang Wu, MD, Ming-Yang Lee, MD, Ming-Sun Yu, MD, Wen-Li Hwang, MD, Pang-Yu Lai, MD, Cheng-Shyong Chang, MD, Wen-Chi Chou, MD, Ruey-Kuen Hsieh, MD  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management  Volume 54, Issue 1, Pages 55-65.e1 (July 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.018 Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Study flowchart. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017 54, 55-65.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.018) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Mean degree of pain-induced interference with physical, psychological, and total function among 1659 cancer patients with pain. ∗P < 0.05. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017 54, 55-65.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.018) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Satisfaction of pain control to the physician and the analgesic drugs by pain management index score. PMI = pain management index. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017 54, 55-65.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.018) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Recursive partitioning analysis of total study participants (n = 1659). The classification mode, which is used for univariate logistic regression analysis (Supplementary Table 2), is presented as the number below the node of the decision tree. PMI = pain management index; df = degree of freedom. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017 54, 55-65.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.018) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 The trend of positive PMI and pain prevalent rate among patient subgroups. PMI = pain management index. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2017 54, 55-65.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.018) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions