Wednesday 13C Remind me - who are FRONTEX and what do they do? Discuss last 3 ‘Discussion Questions’ Solving the migration crisis – pairs+ SWOT analysis Boxing match (which you should be ready for). Set date for exam If time Don’t forget the fly thru !!!! by yourself and investigate area around each node.

To what extent is Frontex a barrier to migration? Discussion 5 To what extent is Frontex a barrier to migration? Is Frontex economically viable? Costing around €143m a year, Frontex has helped save thousands of lives and eased the pressure of migration, but it is under-funded and also has little power due to the disagreements between EU member states. Frontex does operate to turn boats back where it can, it has had some success with reducing the number of boats travelling along the Atlantic coast to the Canaries. However, in the Mediterranean, due to the poor quality of boats being used it is saving lives rather than turning many boats back. Advertising can be powerful – showing people in Africa the trials that have to be faced both on the journey and also the chance of getting at job at the end of the process. Better trade links with African nations so that they can build their own economies. Training schemes to pass on skills so that people in Africa can develop their industries and so become more successful. Support with agricultural issues, especially linked to climate change. Famine can lead to civil unrest and a declining economy, these needs to be prevented. Is there a better way to encourage migrants not to come to the EU? © ZigZag Education, 2017

Costing around €143m a year, Frontex has helped save thousands of lives and eased the pressure of migration, but it is under-funded and also has little power due to the disagreements between EU member states. Frontex does operate to turn boats back where it can, it has had some success with reducing the number of boats travelling along the Atlantic coast to the Canaries. However, in the Mediterranean, due to the poor quality of boats being used it is saving lives rather than turning many boats back. Advertising can be powerful – showing people in Africa the trials that have to be faced both on the journey and also the chance of getting at job at the end of the process. Better trade links with African nations so that they can build their own economies. Training schemes to pass on skills so that people in Africa can develop their industries and so become more successful. Support with agricultural issues, especially linked to climate change. Famine can lead to civil unrest and a declining economy, these needs to be prevented.

Is patrolling the Mediterranean too late? Discussion 6 Is patrolling the Mediterranean too late? Should EU countries maintain a border in the Sahara? Is migration from Africa inevitable? If migrants are determined to get to Europe many must first cross the Sahara. It might be better if they were turned back at this first point. However, the Sahara is a huge, largely unpoliced region which would be uneconomical to patrol. Maintaining a border would be incredibly problematic in an area where political alliances are uneasy, tribal disputes are common and the sands are shifting. For some, the attraction of a different life will always mean that people will migrate, however what the focus should be on is maintaining sustainable numbers and also encouraging a counter-flow when new skills have been learnt. With the extreme climate faced by many African nations, their land-locked status their decades of little investment in education and infrastructure and the loss of some of their best people overseas, the ability for some countries to fully develop is clearly limited, especially in the current global society of trade blocs, quotas and subsidies paid in MEDCs. Can the countries of Africa ever fully develop? © ZigZag Education, 2017

If migrants are determined to get to Europe many must first cross the Sahara. It might be better if they were turned back at this first point. However, the Sahara is a huge, largely unpoliced region which would be uneconomical to patrol. Maintaining a border would be incredibly problematic in an area where political alliances are uneasy, tribal disputes are common and the sands are shifting. For some, the attraction of a different life will always mean that people will migrate, however what the focus should be on is maintaining sustainable numbers and also encouraging a counter-flow when new skills have been learnt. With the extreme climate faced by many African nations, their land-locked status their decades of little investment in education and infrastructure and the loss of some of their best people overseas, the ability for some countries to fully develop is clearly limited, especially in the current global society of trade blocs, quotas and subsidies paid in MEDCs.

In what ways will tourism in Genoa be affected by this? Discussion 7 In what ways will tourism in Genoa be affected by this? Will there always be a divide between rich and poor? Although the situation is sad and a little off-putting to some, there doesn’t seem to have been much of an impact on tourism in Italy. Migrants are quickly picked up by the authorities and taken to gated camps for processing and are then often moved on elsewhere in the country. How is this better than life in Africa? Whose problem is this to solve? © ZigZag Education, 2017

Although the situation is sad and a little off-putting to some, there doesn’t seem to have been much of an impact on tourism in Italy. Migrants are quickly picked up by the authorities and taken to gated camps for processing and are then often moved on elsewhere in the country.

Task 1   Undertake some additional research into immigration into the EU and find out what is being done to reduce its impacts and slow the process. TASK 2   Discussion - ‘To what extent will climate change constrain the development of African nations?’ TASK 3   Working on the large pieces of paper in pairs/threes create a plan for what could be done to help Europe solve the migration crisis. Categorise your ideas into: most cost-effective humanitarian sustainable

Essay ‘Assess the future of immigration to the EU’