Nutrients:: Macronutrient: (large) Micronutrients: (small)

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Presentation transcript:

Nutrients:: Macronutrient: (large) Micronutrients: (small) Carbohydrates Protein Lipids (Fats) Nucleic Acids Macronutrients are Hydrocarbons (made of carbon & hydrogen) Micronutrients: (small) Vitamins: Vit C (healthy teeth & ligaments) Vit D (healthy bones) Vit A (night vision) Minerals: Calcium (healthy bones) Iron (prevents anemia) Sodium (water regulation; heart & nerve function etc.)

CARBOHYDRADES (CHO) Carbohydrates are made of: ▪ Carbon (C) ▪ Hydrogen (H) ▪ Oxygen (O) Carbohydrates include: Monosaccharide (ex. Glucose) One ________ Disaccharides (sucrose) _____ ________ Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose ) Main Function: Rapid energy source, cell markers etc

PROTEIN Proteins are made of: Main Function: Long chains of amino acids (aa) Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen & oxygen Main Function: Structural: ►cell membrane (transport) ►enzymes (biological catalysts) ►hormones (insulin, adrenaline)

LIPIDS (FATS) Lipids are made of: Lipids include: Main Function: Fatty acids (fa), glycerol, phosphates Lipids include: Phospholipids; Triglycerides (TG); Cholesterol Main Function: Energy storage (TG) Structural: ►cell membrane (phospholipid) ►bile salts (cholesterol) ►hormones (cholesterol)

NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids are made of: Nucleic acids include: Nucleotides; sugars(ribose) & phosphate Nucleic acids include: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) Main Function: Genes (inheritance) Control of all cell function & characteristics Protein synthesis

Enzymes

Enzymes Protein catalyst Protein – chain of amino acids Catalyst – speeds up chemical reactions

Substrates to Products The molecules entering the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products. Each enzyme works with a very specific substrate.

Enzymatic Reaction Enzyme not altered in the reaction

Activation energy All reactions have an activation energy Enzyme lowered energy needed

Environment Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH level