The Nervous System Objectives:

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Presentation transcript:

The Nervous System Objectives: Describe how the nervous system is divided into different subsystems. Describe (Be able to label) a typical neuron. Be able to trace the path of a reflex arc from stimulus to response.

The nervous system enables us to react to our environment Cranial nerves Brain CNS Spinal nerves Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Sensory nerves -carry messages from inside & outside to the brain 2 parts Somatic Nervous System -under conscious control Autonomic Nervous System -without conscious control motor nerves -carry messages from the brain to the muscles

works on a system of STIMULUS / RESPONSE change in the environment detected by the body sensory neurons carry impulses to the brain ex. Sight, sound, smell, taste, touch (pressure & heat) body’s reaction to the change - motor neurons send messages to the muscles (for movement) and glands (for hormone secretion)

Examples: STIMULUS RESPONSE Cookies Baking Saliva secreted in mouth Touch a hot stove Pull hand away Watching a scary movie Heart Rate increases, sweating, jumping at scary/loud noises

Nervous system

The Nervous System: Neurons dendrite Cell body nucleus Myelin sheath axon Direction of nerve impulse transmission (Schwann cell) Muscle cell Terminal knob Terminal branches

The Nervous System: Neurons A nerve cell or neuron is: a specialized cell that uses electrical signals to communicate with other cells An impulse is: an electrical signal travelling through a neuron A nerve is: a bundle of neurons Sensory neurons: carry impulses from receptors (e.g. in skin) to the central nervous system (brain/spinal cord) Motor neurons: carry impulses from brain or spinal cord to muscle or gland Dendrites: carry impulses toward cell body Axon: carry impulses away from cell body Myelin sheath: fatty white tissue that covers some axons Terminal knobs: part of neuron that attaches to another cell Synapse: connection between terminal knob of one axon and dendrite of another

Reflexes The PNS receives input from stimuli and transmits it to the CNS for processing. The brain decides the appropriate responses and send a signal back along the PNS to the part of your body that will respond. HOWEVER… sometimes your brain gets bypassed! The spinal cord coordinates reflex (Actions that don’t require your brain.) Reflexes occur without conscious thought and are quick. EX. When you step on a tack or put your hand on a hot surface.

illustration from http://scienceblogs.com/neurotopia

Your Task Read pp. 170 – 173 Answer Questions #4, 5, 7 on pp. 176 Create a diagram or flow chart to explain what happens in our nervous system when we step on tack. (Start with the sensory receptors and end with the movement off of the tack. What nervous structures are involved and in what part of the nervous system are they located.)