Biotechnology Jan. 05, 2016

Bell Ringer #1 Which of the following structures in the human female reproductive system is correctly matched with its function? Ovary: produces one mature egg cell each month Uterus: serves as storage for immature eggs Oviduct- serves as the location for blastocyst implantation Cervix: provides a place for fertilization to occur

Bell Ringer #2 Which of the following pairs of male and female reproductive structures are most alike in their function? Prostate gland and vagina Testes and ovaries Vas deferens and uterus Seminal vesical and oviduct

Objectives Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues.

Vocabulary DNA Fingerprinting: parts of an individuals' DNA that can be used to identify a person on a molecular level. Genome: all of an organism’s genetic material Karyotype: image of all the chromosomes in a cell. Recombinant DNA: genetically engineered DNA that contains genes from more than one organism or species. Genotype: collection of all of an organism’s genetic information that codes the traits?

Biotechnology Types of Biotechnology Medical: Helps prevents human diseases Agricultural: used for improvising the plants, micro-organisms, and animals through DNA tests t find solutions to enhance productivity. Industrial: biological resources are used to produce the chemicals, materials, and energy required for the development of industrial goods. (use of plants marine organisms, algae, fungi, and micro-organisms)

Biotechnology DNA Fingerprinting is a type of restriction map (show the lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites in a DNA strand. DNA is found in regions of the genome NOT part of genes. Goal of DNA Fingerprinting: Focus on the noncoding regions of DNA or DNA sequences outside genes. Refer to pg. 272 figure 9.6 Refer to pg. 273 figure 9.7

Ask this question: Does a DNA fingerprint show a person’s genotype Ask this question: Does a DNA fingerprint show a person’s genotype? Why or why not. No show the bonding patterns and lengths of genes

Cloning Yes or No?? Clone is a genetically identical copy of gene or organism Examples include… Bacteria through binary fission Identical twins Certain plants

Cloning Yes or No?? Scientist use genetic engineering (changing of an organism’s DNA to give the organism new traits) Genetic engineering is based on recombinant DNA which can be naturally found in bacteria (in the plasmid) Use of Recombinant DNA To produce crop plants that make medicines and vitamins To make vaccines to protect against HIV Review definition of recombinant DNA Refer to fig, 9.10 and 9.11 on pg. 276 and 277

How is it done?? Making Recombinant DNA A restriction enzyme is used to cut of the desired gene from a strand of DNA Plasmids are cut with the same enzyme Plasmid opens, gene is added, and complementary sticky ends are bonded.

Types of biotechnology 1. Cloning- is the production of identical copes of DNA through asexual reproduction. Ex: human identical twins, somatic cell nuclear transfer 2. Gene cloning- is the production of many identical copies of the same gene Ex: inserted gene is replicated and expressed 3. Recombinant DNA Technology- contains DNA from 2 or more different sources 4. Polymerase Chain Reaction- uses the enzyme DNA polymerase to carry out multiple replications od target DNA. 5. DNA fingerprinting- technique the uses DNA fragments lengths, resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage and amplified by PCR, to identify particular individuals.