Death of Post Classical Empire: Ottoman Empire and Qing Dynasty Mr. Charnley AP World History

Ottoman Empire Economic Decline Dependence on European manufacturing Dhimmi merchants loyal to Europeans Artisans displaced by factory products

Ottoman Empire Foreign Threats Habsburg Empire (17th century) Russian Empire (18th century) 19th century 1830 Greek independence Crimean War (1853-56) 1867 Serbian Independence

Ottoman Empire Survival “Sick Man of Europe” British support 1826 Janissaries disbanded Tanzimat Reforms European-style school system Railroad network Postal delivery service Constitution of 1876 Legal reform

Ottoman Empire Young Turks “Ottoman Society for Union and Progress”, 1889 Wanted to abolish sultanate and restore Constitution of 1876

Egypt Mamluks Slave class which overthrew Fatimid Caliphate Vassals of Ottoman Empire 1798 defeated by Napoleon’s French forces 1801 British drove French out of Egypt

Egypt Muhammad Ali (not the boxer) Egyptian officer who took over after French retreat Westernized Egyptian military Prevented from industrializing by Britain

Egypt Khedives Cash-crop nation Military campaigns in Sudan Foreign debt cotton industry Suez Canal

Qing Dynasty Political Decay Corrupt civil service system Wealthy merchant class bought court positions Ruling families spent state funding on personal luxuries Natural disasters and high taxes displaced poor peasantry

Qing Dynasty Foreign Influence Anti-European ethnocentrism European technological and organizational superiority

Qing Dynasty Opium Wars (1839-1842) Taiping Rebellion (1850’s to 1860’s) Prophet Hong Xiuquan Rebels captured Nanjing European-backed Qing Dynasty Scholar-gentry sided with Qing

Qing Dynasty Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 Boxer Rebellion 1898-1901