Aftermath of WW2 Roots of the Cold War.

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Aftermath of WW2 Roots of the Cold War

Post-WW2 Realities Devastation Holocaust Occupation Europe, Japan, China, USSR destroyed Refugees, orphans, homeless, hunger, sick Holocaust Nazi inhumanity >> Nuremberg Trials “Crimes Against Humanity” + “War Crimes” Occupation USSR occupies Eastern part of Europe US occupies Japan US-GB-F occupy Western Germany + Austria

Occupation Zones

United Nations (UN) 4/45 created in SF >> NYC UN Charter sets up Purpose: Maintain peace & collective security Promote co-operation Protect human rights Provide global assistance

USA-USSR Breakup: Why? US & USSR emerge as “superpowers” US A-bomb ’45 >> USSR A-bomb ‘49 Different experiences = Mistrust: US unharmed + late counterattack in West + $$ USSR destroyed + high death rate + no $$ Different goals: US: Promote democracy, Free trade Strong Germany as ally USSR: Promote communism, buffer zone, status Weak Germany, neutral

1940s Tensions >> Responses USSR > initiates communist revolt in Greece/Turkey USSR remains in Eastern Europe with no Free Elections as promised, strips G of resources Berlin Blockade ’48, cuts off Berlin NATO formed ‘49 Truman Doctrine = US to “contain” communism > G/T aid W. Germany created + Marshall Plan = US aid to rebuild Europe, US biz ↑↑ $$ Berlin Airlift ’48-’49 = Operation Vittles Warsaw Pact ‘55

Berlin Blockade >> Berlin Airlift

NATO ’49 vs. Warsaw Pact ‘55

The Result? Cold War High tension between US – USSR 1945 - 1992 Global alignment & division Blocs: Economic & Political alliances Non-Aligned nations: India No direct US – USSR war but… Indirect War thru “proxy”: China, Korea, Vietnam, Middle East, Africa, Central America Indirect War thru “propaganda” Film, Books, TV, Radio, Sports (Olympics) Indirect War thru espionage CIA vs. KGB, “intelligence gathering”

A World Divided in Late 20th C. China turns Communist in 1949 under Mao Zedong

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