Chapter 30 APUSH Mrs. Price “Each person must live their life as a model for others.” – Rosa Parks

US in 1950s & early 1960s Affluent society Economic growth due to: Govt spending Baby Boom Growth of suburbs Middle Class doubled

Baby Boom

Suburbs By 1960: 1/3 of all Americans lived in the suburbs

SHIFTS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, 1940-1970 1940 1950 1960 1970 Central Cities 31.6% 32.3% 32.6% 32.0% Suburbs 19.5% 23.8% 30.7% 41.6% Rural Areas/ 48.9% 43.9% 36.7% 26.4% Small Towns U. S. Bureau of the Census.

Appearance of the Credit Card Belief in Keynesian economics Consolidation in business, agriculture, & labor

Science & Technology Medicine: antibiotics & immunization (polio) Pesticides: DDT Television Computers: IBM Missiles: Minutemen & Polaris Space Program: NASA

The Civil Rights Movement

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson Decided on basis of law, history, sociology, & psychology Segregation in public schools was “inherently unequal” Deep southern states resisted: segregation academies

Rosa Parks Arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus Dec 1, 1955

Montgomery Bus Boycott Year-long boycott of bus system Nov 1956: Supreme Court declared segregation in public transportation illegal Buses were integrated

Little Rock Sept 1957: Angry mobs blocked entrance to Central High School after courts ordered integration

Governor Faubus refused to intervene Eisenhower sent troops to enforce court order

Martin Luther King, Jr. Led bus boycott Believed in nonviolence Led Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Causes of Civil Rights Movement Legacy of WWII Growth of urban black middle class TV= rising consciousness of racism

Dwight Eisenhower Believed in limited govt Wanted to reduce spending & balance budget

Federal Highway Act (1956) 25 billion for 10 yr project to build over 40,000 miles of interstate highways

Cold War Policies Secretary of State: Dulles Policy of massive retaliation: rely on deterrent of nuclear weapons Brinksmanship: pushing the USSR to brink of war to get what we want

Vietnam France occupied Vietnam from 1800 to WWII During WWII Japan occupied Vietnam

1945: Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent US supports France in its attempt to regain Vietnam b/c Ho Chi Minh is communist US gives $ & military aid to France

French lose Vietnam French unsuccessful in guerilla fighting 1954: French forced to surrender Geneva Accords of 1954 divide Vietnam at 17th Parallel & ends War between Vietnam & France

North Vietnam: South Vietnam: Communist Ho Chi Minh Pro-Western Ngo Dinh Diem

Diem refuses to hold elections in South to reunify country Diem is corrupt & makes no promised reforms = US still backs him Eisenhower sends 1,500 advisors to South Vietnam Ho Chi Minh allies himself with China

Israel May 1948: Proclaimed its independence Truman recognized it ASAP Same year, Palestinian Arabs joined with Arab countries to fight new country

Iran CIA helped engineer a coup to force Prime Minister out of office Replaced by Shah To ensure US access to oil

Cuba 1952: US helped install Fulgencio Batista (military dictator) 1957: resistance movement began to grow led by Fidel Castro

Jan 1 1959: Castro took over, Batista fled to Spain Castro began implementing land reform policies & taking over foreign-owned businesses

1960: Castro began accepting assistance from USSR 1961: Eisenhower severed diplomatic relations w/Castro