GRAM POSITIVE NON-SPORE FORMING BACTERIA Prepared by: Miss Norzawani Jaffar & Mr Norazli Ghadin Bsc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences, UKM

Learning Outcome Student could list the name of Gram +ve Nonspore forming bacteria Student could classified the group of bacteria in the topic. Student could discuss common identification characreristic of each genus. Student could able to relate the bacteria with disease.

Gram Positive Bacteria Gram-positive bacteria, stained purple, of both the bacillus (“rod-shaped”) and coccus (spherical) forms.  Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. This is in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appearing red or pink. Gram-positive organisms are able to retain the crystal violet stain because of the high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Gram-positive cell walls typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria.

GRAM POSITIVE NONSPORE-FORMING BACILLI (Genus) Regular, aerobic. Lactobacillus Listeria Erysipelothrix Rhotia Arcanobacterium Irregular Aerobe Corynebacterium Anaerobic Propionibacterium Bifidobacterium Eubacterium

Regular, aerobic Lactobacillus sp. Catalase negative, nonmotile, nitrate reducer, glucose fermenter. Normal flora at vagina, intestinal tract and oral cavity Use for commercial industry

Regular, aerobic L. monocytogenes cause Listeriosis (high fatality) Listeria sp 6 species. L. monocytogenes cause Listeriosis (high fatality) Suspected in immunocompromise patient Noncapsulated, motile, catalase +ve, D-glucose fermenter, beta hemolitic, API LISTERIA®

Regular, aerobic Erysipelothrix Erysipelothrichaceae (Verbarg et al., 2004), is Gram-positive but may appear Gram negative Strains are nonencapsulated, nonsporulating, nonmotile, straight, or slightly curved, slender rods with rounded ends, some show a tendency to form long filaments. Organisms are arranged singly, in short chains, or in pairs in a “V” configuration or are grouped randomly. optimal temperature 30–37°C, pH of 7.2–7.6 a facultative anaerobe. Growth is improved by 5–10% carbon dioxide. Heating at 60 °C for 15 min is lethal.

Regular, aerobic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is able to grow in the presence of 0.2% phenol, 0.1% ,sodium azide, 0.001% crystal violet, 0.05% potassium tellurite, 0.02% thallous acetate, and 0.2% 2,3,5, triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride catalase- negative and oxidase negative. anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic with respiratory metabolism, and weakly fermentative. Acid but no gas produced from glucose and other carbohydrate Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : in a mild cutaneous form known as erysipeloid

Regular, aerobic Rhotia Identification with combination morphological and biochemical tests used for staphylococci and micrococci nonmotile and spherical, cluster arranged. Copious capsule Oxidase and benzidine tests are negative The catalase reaction is negative in 50% Resistant to lysostaphin

Regular, aerobic Sugars is fermented anaerobically (acid but no gas) Usual identification is combination of commercial identification systems, conventional biochemical tests and combined with adherence to agar surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, and the presence of a capsule Cause infection in patients with endocarditis, intravenous drug abuser, in patients with pre-existing valvular heart disease, and recurrent peritonitis during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Regular, aerobic Arcanobacterium facultative anaerobic, catalase negative, rods (coccal shape old culture) occurs as the organism grows) with arrangements described as matchbox or Chinese letters arrangements. Growth is enhanced in blood and by carbon dioxide. Cause pharyingitis, sepsis and osteomyelitis Sensitive to erythromycin(proposed as the first line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporins.

irregular, aerobic Corynebacterium catalase positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria that are straight or slightly curved. Have metachromatic granules size falls between 2-6 umX 0.5 um. The bacteria group together "V", "palisades", or "Chinese letters". They are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophs, with a 51–65% genomic G:C content. They are pleomorphic through their life cycle

irregular, aerobic Cause diphtheria (C. diphtheriae). Occur in unvaccinated individuals, those in developing countries,elderly, neutropenic or immunocompromised patients, and those with prosthetic devices infect wounds, the vulva, the conjunctiva, and the middle ear. It can be spread within a hospital Other pathogenic species in humans include: C. amicolatum, C. striatum, C. jeikeium, C. urealyticum, and C. xerosis

irregular, anaerobic Propionibacterium P. acnes cause acne slow growing, Aerotolerant can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, Commensal (skin ,gastrointestinal tract ) It lives primarily on, fatty acids ability to generate propionic acid

irregular, anaerobic Bifidobacterium non-motile, nonfilamentous, often branched,pleomorphic occur singly or in many-celled chains or clumps. Cells have no capsule inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, vagina] and mouth (B. dentium). Bifidobacteria aid in digestion allergies, prevent tumor growth[. probiotics. G. vaginalis, which is Gram variable

irregular, anaerobic negative for the following: indole, gelatin hydrolysis, catalase , and oxidase. growth temperature is 35–39°C from 42–67 mol%. chemoorganotrophs (fermentative) produce acid but no gas from a variety of carbohydrates.

irregular, anaerobic Pathology B. denticolens bacteria isolated from dental caries (and probably involved in caries pathology) Gardnerella vaginalis that often assumes pathogenic character (such as in bacterial vaginosis and in urogenital tract infections of both sexes).

B.denticolens G. vaginalis

irregular, anaerobic Eubacterium obligately anaerobic rods that do not produce: propionic acid as major acid lactic acid alone more acetic acid than lactic acid with and without formic acid succinic acid (in the presence of carbon dioxide) and lactic acid with small amounts of acetic or formic acid

irregular, anaerobic

Q & A

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