(Discussion – Document and Transcript Comparisons) Wednesday April 4, 2018 (Discussion – Document and Transcript Comparisons)

The Daily CSI slant 1/5 Wednesday, 4/4/18 List five characteristics of handwriting in which one might expect to encounter variations among individuals. slant

The Daily CSI 2/5 slope Wednesday, 4/4/18 List five characteristics of handwriting in which one might expect to encounter variations among individuals. slope

The Daily CSI 3/5 pressure Wednesday, 4/4/18 List five characteristics of handwriting in which one might expect to encounter variations among individuals. pressure

letter and word spacing The Daily CSI Wednesday, 4/4/18 4/5 List five characteristics of handwriting in which one might expect to encounter variations among individuals. letter and word spacing

The Daily CSI 5/5 letter size Wednesday, 4/4/18 List five characteristics of handwriting in which one might expect to encounter variations among individuals. letter size

Remediation for Quiz 14 begins today and runs through next Monday! Announcements Remediation for Quiz 14 begins today and runs through next Monday!

Summative or Formative # XC Current Events Crossword Assignment Summative or Formative # Date Issued Gone Missing Day Last Day Accepted XC Current Events Crossword F5 3/29 N/A Friday, 4/20 QUIZ 14 S3 4/2 Next Monday

Document Evidence Objectives Define the term “questioned document.” Know what common individual characteristics are associated with handwriting. List some important guidelines for collecting known writings for comparison to a questioned document. Recognize some of the class and individual characteristics of printers and photocopiers. List some of the techniques document examiners use to uncover alterations, erasures, obliterations, and variations in pen ink.

Document Evidence (Part 1) Document and Transcript Comparisons

Document Comparisons Forensic document examiners gather documents of known authorship or origin and compare them to the individual characteristics of “questioned documents.”

Document Comparisons Any object with handwriting or print whose source or authenticity is in doubt may be referred to as a questioned document. For instance, a ransom note. Questioned documents are compared to known documents to determine if they are from the same source.

Document Comparisons Collecting an adequate number of known writings is critical for determining the outcome of a handwriting comparison.

Document Comparisons Known writing should contain some of the words and combinations of letters in the questioned document.

Individual Handwriting Differences The unconscious handwriting of two different individuals can never be identical. However, the writing style of an individual may be altered beyond recognition by the influence of drugs or alcohol.

Typescript Comparisons The document examiner analyzes not only handwritten documents, but machine-created ones as well. These are referred to as “typescript” documents. This includes a wide variety of devices including computer printers, photocopiers, fax machines, and typewriters.

Typescript Comparisons The document examiner compares the individual type characters style, shape, and size to a complete reference collection of past and present typefaces.

Typescript Comparisons Use of a printing device results in wear and damage to the machine’s moving parts in a way that is both random and irregular, thereby imparting individual characteristics to it.

Typescript Comparisons Transitory defect marks originating from random debris on the glass platen, inner cover, or mechanical portions of a copier produce irregularly shaped images that may serve as points of comparison.

Typescript Comparisons A TTL, or transmitting terminal identifier, is a header at the top of each page of a fax document. It is useful in document comparison because it serves as a way to distinguish between a real and a fraudulently prepared fax document.

Typescript Comparisons Variations in vertical and horizontal alignment and perpendicular misalignment of characters, as well as defects in each typeface, are valuable for proving the identity of a typewriter.