ACID – BASE REACTIONS Chapter 25.

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Presentation transcript:

ACID – BASE REACTIONS Chapter 25

When Acids and Bases Interact Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-) Bases are proton acceptors (Their chemical formulas end in –OH or -CO3) When acids and bases mix, they NEUTRALIZE each other!

Neutralization Reactions The H- in the acid bonds with the –OH in the base to make: H2O (WATER!) The cation (metal) in the base bonds with anion in the acid and makes a salt!

Neutralization Reactions For Example: NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl + H2O base acid salt water Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H2O base acid salt water

When Acids and Bases Interact Acid –Base Neutralization Reactions ALWAYS forma SALT and WATER NaOH + HCl  H2O + NaCl

The Second Type of Base Another type of base is one formed from a metal and a carbonate polyatomic ion: Ca +2 CO3 -2  CaCO3 Calcium and carbonate form a base!

Neutralization with carbonate bases: Carbonates will react with acids to form water, a salt, and also CARBON DIOXIDE gas! CaCO3 + 2 HCl  H2O + CaCl2 + CO2 Base acid water salt carbon dioxide

EXAMPLES: LiOH + HBr  H2O + LiBr CaCO3 + H2SO4  H2O + CaSO4 + CO2 Ca(OH)2 + 2 HI  2 H2O + CaI2

EXAMPLES: H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid H3PO4 Phosphoric acid HNO2 Nitrous acid HCl Hydrochloric acid