ACID AND BASES

ACIDS An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH less than 7 Properties of acids: generally taste sour, are corrosive to metals, turns blue litmus paper red and reacts with a base to produce a salt and water

Acids pH level ranges from 0 to 6 An acid with a pH of 0 is a very strong acid An acid with a pH of 6 is a weaker acid Examples of acids: lemon juice, vinegar, HCl

BASES A base is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH greater than 7 Properties of bases: have a bitter taste, feel slimy or soapy, are not corrosive to metals, turns red litmus paper blue and phenolphthalein red

Bases react with acids to produce a salt and water The pH level of bases ranges from 8 to 14 A base with a pH of 8 is a weak base A base with a pH of 14 is a strong base Examples of bases: baking soda, Tums, Drano, NaOH

pH SCALE pH 7 - neutral

Neutralization The reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization Acids are a source of H+ ions, hydrogen ions Bases are a source of OH- ions, hydroxide ions During neutralization these two ions combine to form water The products of neutralization are ALWAYS a salt and water

Example If we reacted hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide, neutralization would occur HCl + KOH KCl + H2O Our product is potassium chloride, which is a salt, and water

ACIDS AND BASES EVERYWHERE!!!!!! Industrial processes: Acids and bases are used as reactants and catalysts to make goods Biological systems: Acids can be found throughout our body, our stomachs contain HCl, DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid, and amino acids which make up our proteins Bases react with the oil in our skin to form a soapy film

Domestic applications: You have many acids and bases in your home that you use for a variety of reasons Acids: orange juice, soft drinks, vinegar Bases: bleach, oven cleaner, baking soda