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James Monroe As you watch the video Record 3 interesting facts about James Monroe and his time as president Friendly, handsome, cool, nice, honest 5th POTUS, Era of Good Feelings Main goal was to gain territory Dealt with slavery – free/slave states Adding states Monroe Doctrine – keep Europe and other nations out of the U.S.’s busness

Essential Question: How did American nationalism increase during the “Era of Good Feelings” under President James Monroe?

James Monroe was overwhelmingly elected president in 1816 and 1820 Monroe’s presidency began during an era of increased nationalism after the War of 1812 known as the “Era of Good Feelings” (1815-1825) Continued Democratic Republican reign – beat out Federalist opponent Rufus King

Democratic-Republican Party Monroe’s goals as president were to promote national unity and America’s place in the world By 1816 the Federalists were so weak that the Democratic-Republicans could do almost anything Monroe and the Republicans in Congress used this time to promote American nationalism 8 yrs George Washington (1789-1797) 4 yrs John Adams (1797-1801) 8 yrs Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 8 yrs James Madison (1809-1817) 8 yrs James Monroe (1817-1825) 4 yrs John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) 8 yrs Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) Democratic republicans are changing – used to believe in a small federal government – now we will see them use the federal power to protect their industries and political views – advocate for a federal economic policies like the national bank and tariffs on imports – this created internal tensions of the republican party Federalist Party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic Party

Government: Increase the power of the national gov’t over the states Monroe and the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism and American unity in three ways: Government: Increase the power of the national gov’t over the states John Marshall (1801-1835) used the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national government 3 ways Government, Economy, and Foreign Policy Supreme court ruled to support federal power over state power Led to corporations spanning across several states Nationwide market emerging

Create a Second Bank of the United States Monroe and the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in three ways: Government: Increase the power of the national gov’t over the states In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South, and West Economy: Encourage industry and transportation to link the South, North, and West Create a Second Bank of the United States How would uniting economies strengthen America? Second Bank issues standard money – the first bank had expired (interesting to keep the bank of US since it was the Federalist Hamilton who suggested it) Why would they put tariffs in place to limit British goods? --- self sufficient economy, less reliance on others How does transportation play a role in society? Do we see it uniting/dividing us today? – unified nation/economy, connect the n/s/w together – overall change in technology – canals booming to make transportation cheaper and more efficient (Erie Canal, NY – connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie) Create a tariff to encourage industry and limit British manufactured goods Improve transportation with roads and canals

The American System allowed the USA to create a national market economy for the first time Western farms grew grains and raised livestock that fed the nation Northern factories made manufactured goods that were sold throughout the country What do you notice about the map? ---- North has more transportation than the south We’ll talk about this “market revolution” more in-depth later this unit. This is just a preview in order to understand the importance of Henry Clay’s American System. The emphasis here is on the politics of the era, which should help students understand how the national government promoted a national market economy that, by the 1810s, had emerged as strong regional economies due to new technological innovations (cotton gin, interchangeable parts, Singer sewing machines, Slater mills, McCormick reaper, Deere steel plow, etc.) Again, we’ll discuss these details in the next set of notes. Southern cotton was used in northern textiles factories

Kentucky Congressman Henry Clay What aspects of this portrait reveal parts of Henry Clay’s “American System”? Globe American Flag Increase trade Increase in foreign affairs Continue expansion

Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the Union Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism and American unity in three ways: Government: Increase the power of the national gov’t over the states Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the Union After the War of 1812, Americans flooded into the West; By 1840 over 1/3 of the population lived in the West Economic and territorial growth created a need to settle America’s national borders Economy: Encourage industry and transportation to link the South, North, and West Indiana (1816) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Go back to foreign policy section top right Then come back down to to Henry Clay’s American System section to continue notes Foreign Policy: Expanding America’s borders and increasing America’s role in world affairs Mississippi (1817) Louisiana (1812)

In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty President Monroe and his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote nationalism and territorial expansion In 1818, the USA and Britain agreed to establish the Canadian border at the 49° Convention of 1818 – Northern limit of the Louisiana purchase (Modern day Minnesota to the Rockies)—Oregon Country would be joint occupation with the British -- Adams-Onis Treaty – Florida – climax of nationalism Andrew Jackson (same guy from 1812, we will see him more) seized Spanish forts in Pensacola and St. Marks – raided Seminoles and escaped slaves that were viewed as threats to GA (British traders still encouraged the natives to attack the Americas)– Jackson did not always follow orders… He executed 2 British citizens on charges of helping the Indians and runaways Monroe’s gov wasn’t on board but accepted it anyway and used to to create a diplomatic demand for control of the inhabitants of Easy FL or to cede it to the US -- In return for ceding FL, the US recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texas In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty

In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere and that the U.S. would not interfere in Europe When SouthAmerican nations gained independence, the USA wanted to support the new republics and keep European nations from colonizing South America J.Q. Adams wrote the doctrine, but since it is under Monroe’s presidency it stays under his name – was originally going to be a joint idea with the British but JQA took it upon himself to create it just for the US How does this reflect Washington’s push for neutrality? Expands the idea of neutrality and staying uninvolved with Europe and then preventing Europe from getting involved with them with this. Monroe wants to keep the Western hemisphere a democracy – doesn’t want monarchy influence – worry about Spain/French influencing or trying to put down the many revolutions occurring throughout South America for independence, also worried about Russia due to their interest and placement of some forts in Cali – but this doesn’t just have to do with democracy and politics ECONOMY – South American countries that are seeking independence means that the whole “mercantilism” idea of the resources going through the mother country of Spain are over ---this will open up those markets to the US – partnership with Latin America Does this Monroe Doctrine last through modern day?? – Yes and no, early intention to be a world power – controlling what happens in South America – there is not a threat for colonization in the Western Hemisphere

American Slave Population, 1790-1820 The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism, but there were growing problems between the North and South (called sectionalism) American Slave Population, 1790-1820 What is changing in the two maps?

These disagreements dominated politics from 1820 to 1860 Northerners & Southerners disagreed over slavery, taxes, and the role of government These disagreements dominated politics from 1820 to 1860 American Slave Population, 1790-1820 Slavery – what did they disagree over? Taxes? Role of government?

When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state, sectionalism emerged Northerners did not want Southern states to increase power in the national gov’t If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South would have 2 more Senators than the North 11 free/11 slave --- there will be an imbalance Sectional disagreements still existed even with nationalism at an all time high Because of the 3/5 Compromise, the South had more members of the House of Representatives; President Monroe was from Virginia, so the South controlled the presidency too

Missouri became a slave state In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820) Maine broke from Massachusetts and became a free state Missouri became a slave state Compromise: Northern part of Mass would join as the free state of Maine No slavery north of the 36”30 line – see map This was just a temporary fix Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36°30'

For each president provide their political party, years ruled, two major events during their presidency, and two words that represents that president. - Try to complete as much as possible without looking at your notes, then use your notes, and lastly use the the internet.

When you finish all 5 presidents Pick 1 to a make an informational poster about Pick up a piece of paper and photo of the president Create the poster with all your info for that president Add 2 quotes to poster that show the presidents views, intentions, and/or beliefs while in office.