Legacies of Historical Globalization in Canada Chapter 7 Social Studies 10-1

Key Terms Indian Act Status Indian Residential Schools Cultural Mosaic Multiculturalism Cultural Pluralism Quiet Revolution

John Cabot In 1497, Giovanni Caboto, or John Cabot, claimed the island of Newfoundland for Britain Why is his name spelled 2 different ways?

Jacques Cartier 1535, Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence and claimed the territory along this river for France.

Why did they explore here? For Europeans, the country’s chief interest lay in the rich fishing grounds off its Atlantic coast. And some Europeans had not given up on the idea of discovering a new route for sailing to Asia.

Early Contact

First Contact These European fishers often landed in coastal areas to stock up on food and water and to dry their catch so it would keep on the long trip home. When they did, they met the First Peoples of the area.

Colonization in Canada Felt hats became popular in the second half of the 1500’s Demand was so great beavers were nearly extinct by 1600’s The fur trade in Canada symbolizes the start of Historic Globalization in Canada

Early Trade The First Nations of Eastern Canada helped the French make the fur trade work. They not only trapped the animals, but also transported the pelts to European outposts. Where did this trading occur? What did they use for transportation? How has that shaped Canadian history today?

Think about it: Fort Edmonton Fort Saskatchewan Fort McMurray Fort Chipewyan Fort Calgary Fort MacLeod

A Clash of Cultures European society is based on the recognition of social status and land ownership. The First People was not! The First people believed that God placed them on earth not as owners but as Spiritual Guardians

Clash of Cultures Con’t False promises and validity of treaties lead to the destruction of many First Peoples culture. For Example: Oral treaties (passed down by word of mouth) were used by the First Peoples, However the Europeans were accustomed to writing them down. See the Problem?

The Beothuk The Beothuks are the aboriginal people of the island of Newfoundland The Beothuks are the descendants of a Recent Indian culture called the Little Passage Complex Conflicts with Europeans drove the Beothuks inland

The Beothuk Their traditional method of food gathering (fishing) was no longer a viable source of food As a result they became malnourished and susceptible to disease They died out not because of attack but from malnutrition and disease

Seven Years War 1756-1763 between Britain and France in Europe This war drew in other European powers and spread to colonies in North America, West Africa, Cuba, the Philippines, and India. Some say this was truly the first GLOBAL war…why?

Seigneurial System To strengthen French control of New France, the government wanted to attract settlers. What are the strengths of this system? What are the weaknesses?

Legacies of Early British Rule

Clash of Cultures In the1800s, Thomas Douglas of the Hudson’s Bay Company controlled 300 000 sq. km in Manitoba and parts of the US. He didn’t take into account that the Metis people lived there This created tension which eventually lead to the Metis uprisings of 1869-70 & 1885. For homework read pages 166-67 and answer questions 1 & 2

British Legacy Con’t Between 1790 and 1845, more than 750 000 immigrants arrived in Canada. because of conditions in Europe What difference might this influx of British immigrants make to Francophones in Québec? To First Nations, Métis, and Inuit?

Legacy of Mercantalism Both France and Britain followed mercantilist policies in Canada. Some historians believe that mercantilism helped protect and foster Canada’s early development. Others, such as the historian Harold Innis, argued that mercantilism stifled development by ensuring that the country’s economy was limited to supplying raw materials.