Muscular System Chapter 8.

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Presentation transcript:

Muscular System Chapter 8

Intro to Muscles Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue There are 650 different muscles in the human body

Three Main Functions Responsible for body movement Responsible for body form and shape (posture) Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature

4 Characteristics CONTRACTILITY – the capability or quality of shrinking or contracting EXCITEABILITY– the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched. ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.

3 Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscle VOLUNTARY Attached to bone Striated (striped) appearance Contract quickly, fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for long period of time

3 Types of Muscles Smooth Muscle INVOLUNTARY Visceral (organ) muscle Found in walls of digestive system, uterus and blood vessels Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for long time

3 Types of Muscles Cardiac Muscle Found only in the heart! INVOLUNTARY Striated and branched Cells are fused – when one contracts, they all contract

Connective Tissues Fascia – encloses the muscle Ligaments –bone to bone Tendons – muscle to bone

Connective Tissues EPIMYSIUM = surrounds whole muscle This model of the muscles uses straws to represent fibers. Green = endomysium Yellow = perimysium Blue = epimysium Connective Tissues EPIMYSIUM = surrounds whole muscle PERIMYSIUM = surrounds each fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers) ENDOMYSIUM = surrounds each muscle fiber

It is important to remember the hierarchy Wrapped in EPIMYSIUM MUSCLE Wrapped in PERIMYSIUM Wrapped in FASCIA FASCICLES Wrapped in ENDOMYSIUM MUSCLE FIBERS MYOFIBRILS FILAMENTS ACTIN (light) MYOSIN (dark)

Muscle Layers

Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium

Contractions Links form between actin (THIN) and myosin (THICK) to produce a contraction ATP supplies energy for contraction to occur Fibers have an ALL or NONE contraction

Neurons/Muscles Motor neurons stimulate muscle fibers to contract Motor neuron secretes neurotransmitter known as ACETYLCHOLINASE One motor neuron connected to muscle fibers make up a motor unit

SMOOTH Muscle Fibers Also contain actin and myosin Triggered by two neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine Contract using PERISTALSIS a wave-like motion found in tubed organs

Cardiac Muscle Intercalated discs connect cardiac cells together Rhythmic contractions

http://youtu.be/yZ15vCGuvH0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ15vCGuvH0

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