Vloga zemljinske sukcije na stabilnost plazov

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Presentation transcript:

Vloga zemljinske sukcije na stabilnost plazov Matej Maček Inženjerstvo okoliša 2012 Varaždin

Uvod Zemljinska sukcija vpliva na: strižno trdnost zemljine vodoprepustnost zemljine uskladiščenje vode Številni numerični izračuni in laboratorijski testi na modelih pobočij so potrdili, da se pojav plazu lahko zgodi zaradi upada sukcije. Kljub temu skorajda ni terenskih opazovanj, ki bi potrdila splazitve v nesaturirani coni.

Uvod (Godt et al. 2009) 3

Nesaturirana zemljina Izzivi: Teoretične osnove Razširitev mehanike saturirane zemljine na nesaturirano zemljino Visoka nelinearnost zemljinskih parametrov pri reševanju Richardsove enačbe Cena opreme in testov, trajanje testov Problemi pri merjenju zemljinske sukcije (območje merjenja, stabilnost meritev, totalna/matrična sukcija) 4

Teoretične osnove Kapilarni model Matrična sukcija je opisana kot posledica kapilarnih sil

Teoretične osnove Adsorpcijski model Matrična sukcija je opisana kot posledica van der Wallsovih sil h D

Teoretične osnove Kombiniran model (Or in Tuller 1999)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Saturirana zemljina – efektivne napetosti Nesaturirana zemljina – tri možni zapisi Popravek efektivnih napetosti (Bishop 1959) Neodvisni napetostni spremenljivki (Fredlund in Morgenstern 1977) Sukcijska napetost (Lu in Likos 2006)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Popravek efektivnih napetosti (Bishop 1959)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Popravek efektivnih napetosti (Bishop 1959) 0 1 (Vanapalli in Fredlund 2000)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Neodvisni napetostni spremenljivki (Fredlund in Morgenstern 1977) (Toll 2000)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Sukcijska napetost (Lu in Likos 2006)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Sukcijska napetost (Lu in Likos 2006)

Vpliv sukcije na strižno trdnost Natezna trdnost zemljine Matrična sukcija, natezna trdnost (kPa) natezna trdnost retencijska krivulja (Lu et al. 2007) Saturacija (%)

Plaz Slano Blato Geološka karta (Petkovšek et al. 2011)

Plaz Slano Blato Nakloni pobočij

Plaz Slano Blato Vpliv padavin na stabilnost plazu (Logar et al. 2005)

Plaz Slano Blato 2007 – Vpliv sukcije na nedrenirano strižno trdnost Nedrenirana strižna trdnost smo določili s padajočim konusom. Sukcija smo izmerili z Watermark senzorjem sukcije. (Maček et al. 2010)

Plaz Slano Blato 2007 – Terenske meritve na plazu Slano blato (Maček et al. 2010)

Plaz Slano Blato 2007 – Terenske meritve na plazu Slano blato (MS1) (Maček et al. 2010)

Plaz Slano Blato 2011 – Sukcijski edometer in sukcijski enostavni strižni aparat

Plaz Slano Blato Meja krčenja točka vstopa zraka

Plaz Slano Blato Retencijska krivulja nesaturirana kapilarno zasičenje zemljina točka vstopa zraka

Plaz Slano Blato Sukcijski enostavni strižni aparat Bishopov popravek efektivnih napetosti

Plaz Slano Blato Sukcijski enostavni strižni aparat 25

Plaz Slano Blato Teorija kritičnega stanja (mod. Cam clay model) Bishopov popravek efektivnih napetosti

Plaz Slano Blato Faktor varnosti (γ=21kN/m3, φ=27°, c=0 kPa) Naklon pobočja β (°) uw/h 14.3 18.8 22.2 27.0 32.5 37.4 45.5 -1.0 3.0 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.8 2.8 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.5 2.5 0.7 -0.4 2.4 -0.2 2.2 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.0 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1

Plaz Slano Blato Na plazu Slano blato je gladina podzemne vode med 0 in 3 m ter variira s padavinami. Zemljinska sukcija ima vpliv na stabilnost samo v primeru plitvih plazov, kjer je naklon pobočja večji od strižnega kota zemljine. Stabilnost globokih plazov je odvisna od nivoja podzemne vode (pozitivnih tlakov vode). Na stabilnost plazu ugodno vpliva sposobnost vezanja vode (skladiščenja). Razumevanje gibanja vode in vpliv sukcije na stabilnost plazu nam omogoča sonaravno sanacijo plazov.

Viri Godt, J. W., R. L. Baum, N. Lu (2009) Landsliding in partially saturated materials, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02403, doi:10.1029/2008GL035996. Or, D., M. Tuller (1999) Liquid retention and interfacial area in variably saturated porous media: Upscaling from single-pore to sample-scale model, Water Resour. Res., 35(12), 3591–3605, doi:10.1029/1999WR900262. Bishop, A. W. (1959), The principle of effective stress. Teknisk Ukeblad, 106(39), 859-863. Fredlund, D. G., & Morgenstern, N. R. (1977). Stress state variables in for unsaturated soils. ASCE Jour. Geotech. eng. div. (103) , 447-466. Lu, N., Likos, W. J. (2006) Suction stress characteristic curve for unsaturated soils. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(2), 131–142. Lu, N., Wu, B., Tan, C. P. (2007) Tensile Strength Characteristics of Unsaturated Sands, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 133(2), 144-154 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:2(144) Vanapalli, S. K., Fredlund, D. G. (2000) Comparison of different procedure to predict unsaturated soil shear strength. Proc. Advances in unsaturated geotechnics, GSP No. 99, Shackelford, C. D. (ed.), Houston, S. L. (ed.), Chang, N. Y. (ed.), ASCE, Reston, Va., 195–209. Toll, D. G. (2000). The influence of fabric on the shear behaviour of unsaturated compacted soils. ASCE Geotechnical special publications 99, 222-234. Logar, J., Fifer Bizjak, K., Kočevar, M., Mikoš, M., Ribičič, M., Majes, B. (2005) History and present state of the Slano blato landslide. Natural hazards and earth system sciences 5, 447-457. Petkovšek, A. (2006). Vpliv matrične sukcije na trdnostno deformacijske lastnosti zemljin, doktorska naloga. Ljubljana Petkovšek, A., Fazarinc, R., Kočevar, M., Maček, M., Majes, B., Mikoš, M. (2011) The Stogovce landslide in SW Slovenia triggered during the September 2010 extreme rainfall event. Landslides 8(4) 499-506. doi: 10.1007/s10346-011-0270-z Maček, M., Petkovšek, A., Kočevar, M., Benko, I., Majes, B., (2010) Soil suction observation at Slano blato landslide, Croatia–Japan project on risk identification and land-use planning for disaster mitigation of landslides and floods in croatia 1st project workshop „international expirience“, Ddubrovnik (Croatia), 22-24 november 2010