Layer’s of the Earth MYP 2

What do Scientists know about Earth? It’ s very hot inside of Earth At about 3.5 KM under the Earth’s surface it is 127 degrees Farenheit AT 12 km down it’s hot enough to bake cookies (374 degrees Farenheit) The pressure increases the farther down you go toward the earth’s Core Only 1% of the geosphere has been studied. How else can we learn about earth?

Earthquake Waves Earthquakes release energy in three different types of waves As the waves move through earth they are affected by the different materials that the earth is made of Depending on the behavior of the waves scientists can infer the density and composition of the materials of earth

Earth’s Layers Crust: The rocky outer layer of Earth Thinner than all of the other layers Least dense layer of the geosphere Crustal rocks are under oceans and on land. Crust under the ocean is oceanic crust Crust on land is continental Crust

Earth’s Layers Mantle: the thick middle layer in the solid part of the earth Directly under the crust Denser than the crust Is made up of rock Separated into layers

Earth’s Layers Uppermost Mantle: ROCKS ARE BRITTLE AND RIGID, LIKE THE CRUST Crust + Uppermost Mantle = Lithosphere Below the Lithosphere the rocks are so hot that they melt and begin to flow This layer is the Asthenosphere, The rocks flow so slow (Like the speed that your nails grow)

Earth’s Layers The rock below the asthenosphere is hotter but doesn’t melt because of the amount of pressure in this part of the earth. The high pressure squeezes the rock into a solid The solid rock of the upper and lower mantle form the largest layer of the earth

Earth’s Layers Core: the dense metallic center of the earth Made of metal Gravity pulled the densest material to the center Made of iron anD NICKEL Liquid outer core Solid inner core

Earth’s Layers Outer Core Inner Core The effects the temperature outweighs the pressure Scientists learned that it was liquid by using earthquake waves Dense ball of solid iron crystals The pressure is so high that even at temperatures of 6,000 degrees Celsius it stays solid Spins faster than the rest of the earth

Earth’s Magnetic Field Inner core spins faster than the outer core = Streams of molten iron in outer core Magnetic field = magnetism produced by flow of molten materials in outer core This is what compasses use to work However it’s unstable and has reversed

Magnetosphere Protects earth from cosmic rays and charged particles coming from the sun Outer part of the magnetic field that interacts with these particles is the magnetosphere