Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

Introduction Americans took land by Manifest Destiny Expanding your land as far as you can

Louisiana Purchase Across the Mississippi lay the unexplored territory of Louisiana From Canada to south of Texas From Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains Louisiana was owned by France Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to use this land for French farmers, would have closed important ports that the U.S. needed These ports were how the U.S got their crops to nations across the oceans. (Cotton)

The Noble Bargain Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe (5th President) to France to buy New Orleans from them He was offering 7.5 Million dollars Napoleon was afraid that the farmers would rebel and riot in his farmlands so he did not need the area anymore Instead of just New Orleans, Napoleon sold the entire state of Louisiana to the U.S for 15 Million Another reason was that France and Britain were about to go to war and he did not want to loose the land to them

The Purchase Debate The real cost of Louisiana was 2 to 3 cents per acre People in the U.S. were upset…. Why? Big price tag Deal tore constitution into pieces East thought would lose power Thought that Louisiana would divide into mini states After all the discussion, Senate approved the purchase

Florida Andrew Jackson invaded Florida Jefferson wanted to buy Florida from Spain and they said, “No deal!!” Monroe sent Jackson to Florida to stop the raids and he stopped them and took over the state Spain was upset and wanted him to be punished for his actions

“Govern or Get Out” John Quincy Adams told Monroe to tell Spain that they need to govern Florida or get out of there! In 1819, Spain gave Florida to the U.S. because they did not want to have a war with them. In return, the U.S gave Spain 5 Million Dollars U.S still let Spain control Texas

Questions What was Manifest Destiny? Who owned Louisiana? Why did the US want to purchase Louisiana? How much did we buy Louisiana for? Why were citizens upset by the Louisiana Purchase? Who owned Florida? How did we get Florida?

Texas Texas was a great area for cotton farming Southerners wanted Texas so they could make more money

Americans came to Texas Stephen Austin owned land in Texas and he invited 297 American farmers to live on his land This was called the “Old Three hundred”

Rising Tensions In Nine years population of Americans in Texas went from approx 300 to 25,000 This caused tensions to rise between Americans and Mexicans American Complaints: They wanted to govern themselves All government documents were in Spanish There was no Slavery allowed in Texas

Mexican Complaints Americans came illegally to Texas Americans had no respect for their culture Americans had no intensions in becoming Mexican citizens

Texans Rebel Americans wanted Texas as an independent Nation and rebelled because of it Mexico’s governments was very mad Santa Anna (Mexican war leader) declared war on the U.S citizens in Texas He went to war bringing with him 6,000 troops

The Alamo San Antonio, Texas is where the first battle took place in this war The first battle was 6,000 Mexican soldiers vs. 180 Texan Volunteers The Texans were outnumbered so they hid out in an old Mexican Mission named The Alamo Key Texans in this battle: Davy Crockett William Travis James Bowie

Santa Anna surrounded The Alamo For 12 days, the Mexican Army pounded on the outside of the mission The 13th day Santa Anna stormed in and killed all of the men inside The Battle lasted only 90 minutes Texans were mad and wanted revenge

Texas Wins its Independence Sam Houston wanted to fight Santa Anna and gain Texas’ independence Houston got Santa Anna in the middle of Texas away from his supplies and attacked him and his army as they slept As they attacked he shouted out the famous words: “Remember the Alamo” After the battle was over Texas won its independence

To Annex Texas or Not Texas stayed independent for 10 years after the war Congress finally decided that they would annex Texas to add a territory to an established country Texas became the 28th State in America

Questions Why did the southerners want Texas? What was the “Old Three Hundred?” What were the American complaints about Texas? What were the Mexican complaints about Texas? What was the Alamo? Who were the three key Texans in the battle? What did Sam Houston yell during the battle? What does annex mean? What number state is Texas?

Oregon Country Claimed by four nations: Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the US Spain and Russia dropped out Great Britain and US agreed to a peaceful “joint occupation”

Discovering Oregon Lewis and Clark Expedition, too rugged for ordinary travelers Jedediah Smith found better route called South Pass through the Rocky Mountains

Oregon Forever First to travel South Pass were missionaries who made few converts (accept a new religion) Oregon – “Pioneers Paradise” Many settlers came for a fresh start Oregon Fever

All of Oregon or Half? Polk won election because of slogans about Oregon “All of Oregon or none!” “Fifty-four forty or fight!” Didn’t want war with Britain so divided Oregon in half at 49th parallel US and Britain settled without spilling a drop of blood

Questions What four nations claimed Oregon? Which two nations ended up sharing the land? Who went on an expedition to Oregon that was too rough for ordinary travelers? Who found a better route to Oregon? What was it called? Who were the first to travel to Oregon? Why? What was the outcome on who received the land in Oregon?

War with Mexico Polk – wanted to expand the US as far as he could Purchase or by force take California and New Mexico Mexican territories that were neglected Mexican officials refused Polk’s proposal to buy the land

War Breaks Out in Texas Annexation of Texas act of war to Mexico They couldn’t agree on a border for Texas Congress declared war on Mexico after firing on American Troops Mexico thought we were greedy

Fall of New Mexico and California General Stephen Kearny led Army from Kansas Americans took control of New Mexico without firing a shot John C. Fremont launched rebellion in CA Arrested and jailed Mexican commander Raised a flag showing a grizzly bear drawn with juice Bear Flag Republic

United States Invades Mexico Troops led by Zachary Taylor “Old Rough and Ready” Stopped by Santa Anna, but retreated from Northern Mexico General Winfield Scott led troops in southern Mexico “Old Fuss and Feathers” Captured Mexico City

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gave up Texas or half their territory, which included CA and NM Mexican Cession US had to pay them $15 million and protect Mexicans living there still Some opposed the treaty: No right to take Mexican territory other than Texas should return the land Wanted even more land

“From Sea to Shining Sea” James Gadsden purchased a strip of land south of the Mexican Cession for $10 million Gadsden Purchase Bully or invade was dark side to Manifest Destiny

Questions Which two territories did Polk want from Mexico? Why did Congress declare war on Mexico? How did California become known as the Bear Flag Republic? What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? Why did some senators oppose the treaty? What purchase resulted in the nation stretching “from sea to shining sea?” What was the dark side of Manifest Destiny?