Do NOw Turn in your homework to the bin! Get a sheet from the front and read the first two excerpts from the Council of Trent.  Then, answer the following questions: Based on just this reading, what do you think the Counter-Reformation will be protesting? What does the Council of Trent claim about the use of indulgences by the Catholic church? Why do you think they were made to take a Profession (oath) of Faith?

The Counter-Reformation

Objective Students will determine the causes, characteristics, and effects of the Counter-Reformation in Europe.

Roundabout activity 4 stations – move at your own pace 20-25 minutes

Reforming the Catholic Church Before Martin Luther posted his 95 theses, several Catholics were already attempting to reform the Church As a response to the spread of Protestantism, the Catholic Church began a series of reforms known as Counter-Reformation.

Early reformers Savonarola – preached “fiery sermons” against the abuses/wrongdoings of the church. (late 1400s) Churches should melt down their gold/silver to buy bread for the hungry and poor members of the church Convinced people to gather and burn “vanities” “the bonfire of the vanities” What would you have to throw into the fire? Eventually excommunicated by Pope Alexander

The Jesuits Read the next two excerpts about the Jesuits

Jesuits Jesuits (Society of Jesus) – Catholic religious order that worked to renew the church’s emphasis on spirituality and service. Founded by Ignatius of Loyola – Father General, ran the Jesuits like a military organization, emphasizing obedience to the church above all. Jesuits focused on education as a way to combat the Protestant Reformation Missions, schools, universities Result: Catholic Church began to regain ground against Protestantism

The Council of trent Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent to redefine the doctrines of the Catholic faith (1543). Met on and off until 1563 Examined criticisms of the Protestants  clarified Catholic teachings and important points Addressed abuses that had weakened church Series of reforms addressed corruption of the clergy – training priests was now regulated; financial abused defected Sales of indulgences was abolished

The Council of Trent Overall, they rejected the Protestants’ emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith Council wanted to keep extravagant ceremonies and practices in an effort to inspire faith. Ultimately, the decrees at the Council of Trent mean there would be no compromise btwn Catholicism & Protestantism Not reaching a compromise meant that Catholicism returned to the majority of Europe. (p. 457)

The Inquisition To counter the Reformation, the church established the Roman Inquisition (church court) in 1542 to fight Protestantism. Tried people who were accused of being Protestants, practicing witchcraft, braking church laws.

The Index of Forbidden books Another method of the church to defend their faith was with the Index of Forbidden Books

The INdex of Forbidden Books Warned people not to read certain books or they would “lose their souls” Torture and executions by the courts damaged the church’s image Inquisition’s actions during the C-R are still seen as an abuse of power. 

Religious and Social Changes What do you think???

Changes in religion “Renewed zeal” for Catholicism spread to other continents (via the Jesuits) Protestants broke away from Catholic Church and split into many factions(groups) Religious turmoil resulted between Catholics and non-Catholics Lutherans disagreed with the radical ideas of the Anabaptists; Calvinists disapproved of some of Luther’s ideas “Martin Luther’s theses had opened the door to religious freedom. That freedom brought an equal proportion of conflict and turmoil.”

Persecution & Hysteria Catholics and Protestants viewed Jews and Muslims as heretics What is heresy? Heretic? Jews (1492) and Muslims (1500) were forced to convert to Catholicism or leave Spain Most Jews resettled in Eastern and Southern Europe Many people feared that witches roamed the land, killing children and cattle, working with the devil Fear increased in time of poor harvests or other hardships Salem Witch Trials (1692-93) Penalty for practicing witchcraft was death (even innocent people) Btwn 1580-1660, thousands of ppl (mostly women)

Political effects Rising sense of national identity was interwoven with a decline in the Catholic Church Why? Protestant Reformation indirectly encouraged the formation of independent states and nations Political power became separated from churches, although nations and churches often aligned themselves with one another to increase their own influence in a region.

Discussion Essential Questions: What was the goal of the Counter-Reformation? Did the Catholic Church make good decisions in their efforts to counter the influence of the Protestant Reformation?

Exit Ticket If the Reformation was taking place today, which aspect of the Counter Reformation (the Council of Trent, the Jesuits, or the Inquisition) would be the most effective at slowing or stopping the spread of Protestantism?  Why?

DEBATE!

Jesuits vs. Inquisition Working as a team, you and your fellow debaters must develop arguments in favor of your position and against the opposing team. You must also try to guess the arguments the other team will make against you, and prepare to respond. Use the primary sources provided to you and your notes to give evidence during your arguments.