THE RENAISSANCE Italy (1300-1600).

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Presentation transcript:

THE RENAISSANCE Italy (1300-1600)

Northern Italian Economy Cities developed international trade: Genoa, Venice, Milan. popolo (middle class) took power in 13th century; republican gov’t short-lived signori (despots) or oligarchies (rule of merchant aristocracies) by 1300 commenda: Contract between merchant and “merchant-adventurer” who agreed to take goods to distant locations and return with the proceeds (for 1/3 of profits)

Italian City States, 1454

Politics of Italian City-States Republic of Florence (Included Republic of Genoa) – Medici family Cosimo De’Medici (1389-1464): allied with other powerful families of Florence and became unofficial ruler of the republic Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449-1492): lavish patron of the arts

Politics of Italian City-States Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498) – theocracy in Florence 1494-98; (predicted French invasion due to paganism and moral decay of Italian city-states); burned at the stake Charles VIII (1483-1498), French invasions of Italy; Italy became battleground for international ambitions

Politics of Italian City-States Duchy of Milan -- Sforza family (Caterina Sforza (1463-1509), great art patron) Rome, the Papal States – papacy (“Renaissance popes”) Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Venice, Venetian Republic Isabella d’Este (1474-1539): most famous Renaissance female ruler (ruled Mantua) condottieri: leaders of private armies hired by cities for military purposes

Humanism Humanism -- Revival of antiquity (Greece and Rome) in literature Individualism/ secularism: “man is the measure of all things” virtú: the quality of being a great man in whatever noble pursuit Education: (emphasis on Latin and Greek)

Humanism Petrarch—(1304-1374) “Dark Ages” metaphor; “father of humanism” and 1st modern writer, literature no longer subordinate to religion Dante – Divine Comedy Boccacio – Decameron: aimed to impart wisdom of human character and behavior. Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494) Oration on the Dignity of Man; Platonic academy Baldassare Castiglione (1478-1529) – The Book of the Courtier

Humanism Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444) – wrote history of Florence; division of historical periods; narrative form; civic humanist; first to use term “humanism” Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457)—On the False Donation of Constantine (1444); study of Latin Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) -- The Prince (1513) – Cesare Borgia