Bellwork: What is the meaning of the “full faith and credit” clause? States have to honor laws and legal documents from other states.

Ratification of the Constitution

The Philadelphia Convention

Historical Context Even after the Constitution was written, 9 of 13 state legislatures still had to ratify (approve) the new law of the land. Ratification was closely contested nationally during 1787 and 1788. Rejection by any of the four most prominent states - MA, NY, PA, or VA would have doomed the Constitution

Face-Off: Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Federalists: supported a stronger federal (national/central) government Anti-Federalists: opposed a strong federal government.

Issue Federalists Antifederalists A strong central government Favored a strong nat’l gov’t – they were for the Constitution. Opposed a strong nat’l gov’t – they were against the Constitution. Power of thirteen states Wanted to limit state power. They thought a Senate (with two representatives per state) was enough. Strong support for local control. Bill of Rights Not needed at a national level. Bill of Rights was necessary to protect individual liberties. Articles of Confederation Opposed the AofC as an ineffective system of gov’t. Congress didn’t have enough power. AofC needed to be amended, not abandoned (they liked how strong it made the states) Size of the nation A large republic = best protection for individual freedoms Only a small republic could protect rights - No experiment in democracy on a scale of America had ever been attempted. Supporters Large farmers, merchants, artisans Small farmers, often from rural areas *Based on The American Journey: A History of the United States by Goldfield, et al.

The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

The Federalist Papers A set of essays, written by Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, and published in New York newspapers under the pseudonym Publius. During the ratification controversy, these essays were circulated nationally and discussed: Blessings of national government Criticism of the Articles of Confederation Defense of the Constitution Analysis on the costs and benefits of freedom.

George Washington on Georgia “If a weak state with Indians on its back and the Spaniards on its flank does not see the necessity of a General Government, there must I think be weakness or insanity in the way.”

Conflict and Compromise: Stations You will circulate between 4 stations in order to get a closer look at the ratification of the Constitution. You will answer questions on your own individual paper, being very careful to number questions exactly as you see them on the assignment. You will be given approximately 15 minutes at each station.

America’s Early Years – 15min Video http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=E534E3D0-7FBF-4EB0-BEC0-617E026FA5C8&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Ratification of the Constitution   Yes No 1 December 7, 1787 Delaware 30 2 December 11, 1787 Pennsylvania 46 23 3 December 18, 1787 New Jersey 38 4 January 2, 1788 Georgia 26 5 January 9, 1788 Connecticut 128 40 6 February 6, 1788 Massachusetts 187 168 7 April 26, 1788 Maryland 63 11 8 May 23, 1788 South Carolina 149 73 9 June 21, 1788 New Hampshire 57 47 10 June 25, 1788 Virginia 89 79 July 26, 1788 New York 27 12 November 21, 1789 North Carolina 194 77 13 May 29, 1790 Rhode Island 34 32

Exit Slip: What was one argument used by the Federalists? What was one argument used by the Anti-Federalists?

Occupations of State Representatives in 1780s

Officials Were Less Wealthy After Independence

Federalists were Wealthier

Occupations of Federalists/Anti-Federalists