INHERITANCE

OFFSPRING Parent’s trait Cell nucleus  chromosome  gene

Father of Genetics  Gregor Mendel  monk from Austria (1822 -1844) He studied about heredity using peas His principles  Mendel Law

Chromosome Carries trait factors Small unit  genes In chromosome’s loci Pair of chromosome = homologous chromosome

Human Chromosome MALE FEMALE BODY (autosome) GAMETE (gonosome) BODY 22 AA + X Y GAMETE (gonosome) 22 A + Y 22 A + X BODY 22 AA + X X GAMETE 22 A + X

Term in Crossing Generative Mixing of parents’ trait  fertilization

1. Genotype and Phenotype All traits are inherited, include unexpressed traits Traits  genes in chromosomes = genotype Expressed traits = fenotype Capital letter: dominant traits Small letter: recessive Ex: H = dominant h = recessive

2.Homozygote and Heterozygote phenotype HH = smooth hh = rough Hh = smooth Homozygote or heterozygote? genotype

3. Intermediate M – red m – white MM ? mm? Mm ?

4. Gamete, Parental, Filial Dominant homozygote (MM) Recessive homozygote (mm) Heterozygote (Mm) Parental Filial  filius (F1) GAMETE?

1st 2nd Mendel’s Law Crossing Combination from male and female Law of Equal Segregation Independent Assortment