Bellwork What is 1 reason the Articles of Confederation weren’t working for the colonists?

Constitutional Convention Simulation WITH THE NATIONS MANY PROBLEMS MANY PEOPLE BEGAN TO CRITICIZE THE ARTICLES WEALTHY INDIVIDUALS FEARED ANARCHY & REVOLUTION. THEY CALLED FOR A STRONG FEDERAL GOVERNMENT! A MEETING WAS CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA TO FIX THE ARTICLES IN 1787 ….

Simulation Essential Questions 1. What were some of the issues faced by the delegates at the Constitutional Convention? 2. How did states differ over these issues? 3. How did the outcomes of the simulation of the Constitutional Convention compare to the outcomes of the actual event that took place in Philadelphia in 1787?

Constitutional Convention Simulation 12 groups – each will represent one of the twelve states that attended the Constitutional Convention. Using the "1790 United States Census Data" Sheet (population information is not available for 1787) and info about the VA and NJ Plans, answer Class discussion: All twelve "states" should share their answer to the same question before answering the next question. As "states" share the answers to the questions, the other students should be filling in the information on their "The Constitutional Convention Simulation: Tally Sheet". In order to assess the students' understanding of the simulation, their assignment will be to complete "The Constitutional Convention Simulation: Reflection" sheet.

NOTES

Constitutional Convention Goals: 1. National Security 2. Stabilize the Economy 3. Pay war debt 4. Define authority of Federal gov’t

Constitutional Convention - 1787 Framers worked in secrecy 12 of the 13 states except Rhode Island May 25 – Met in Philadelphia and elected Washington president of the convention May 30th - approved the removal of the Articles and creation of a government consisting of three branches: 1. Legislative 2. Executive 3. Judicial

JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION” BEN FRANKLIN GEORGE WASHINGTON (CHAIRMAN) JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION” BEN FRANKLIN

THOMAS JEFFERSON, JOHN ADAMS, THOMAS PAINE, JOHN HACOCK & PATRICK HENRY DID NOT ATTEND

Note-Break! construct a foldable. What you need? Construction paper, scissors, and pen or marker First fold the paper long ways. Unfold and cut one slit in the top section only to create 2 equal size flaps. On the outside flaps write: Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan On the top section of the interior flaps, copy the info for each plan. On the interior bottom, write “Great Compromise” and “3/5 Compromise.” You’ll copy info for these as well.

The Virginia Plan Strong Central Government 3 Branches Legislative - bicameral (two houses). Representation based on population Executive – one national executive Judicial Slaves included in population

The New Jersey Plan Limited power of the central government 3 Branches Legislative - Unicameral (one house) Equal representation for each state Executive - More than one Chief Executive Judicial Slaves not counted as part of population

States that Favored the Virginia Plan Maryland (5 delegates) Massachusetts (4 delegates) New York (3 delegates) North Carolina (5 delegates)* Pennsylvania (8 delegates) Virginia (7 delegates) States that Favored the New Jersey Plan Connecticut (3 delegates) Delaware (5 delegates) Georgia (4 delegates)* New Hampshire (2 delegates) New Jersey (5 delegates) South Carolina (4 delegates) *Note: (1) Rhode Island boycotted the Constitutional Convention. (2) In general, states that preferred the Virginia or Large State Plan were those that had a population of 250,000 or more. North Carolina and Georgia were more supportive of the Small State Plan, but hoped if counted, their slave population would make them in line with the Large State Plan.

Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature Senate: Equal representation House: Based on population A2 Stopped Here

3/5 Compromise Slaves would count as three-fifths of a person 3/5 of a person for population 3/5 of a person for taxation

Introduction - lists 6 goals for American government: Form a more perfect Union Establish Justice Insure domestic tranquility (Peace) 4. Provide for the common Defense 5. Promote the general Welfare 6. Secure the Blessings of Liberty. 7 articles create the 3 branches and describe how each will work. Changes made to the Constitution. First ten = Bill of Rights (1791); list individual freedoms and protections.

Constitution - Table of Contents

Basic Principles Popular Sovereignty. Separation of Powers. Checks & Balances. Limited Government. Federalism.

Popular Sovereignty Power to govern belongs to the people and government must be based on the “consent of the governed”. Expanded by amendments 15, 19, and 26 (gave the right to vote to non-whites, women, and 18 year olds)

Separation of Powers 3 branches divide powers to: make laws (congress/legislative) manage laws (president/executive) interpret laws (courts/judicial)

Checks and Balances Each branch of government has some control over the others. Example: Congress passes laws and the President may veto those laws. In turn, Congress may refuse to provide funds the President requests for implementing programs.

Checks and Balances – Examples? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Congress __________ Courts _____________ Congress _______ President_______ Judges _________________ President ________________

Limited Government Government does not hold all the power and that it does only those things that people allow it to do. Examples: Presidents can be impeached, representatives voted out of office, judges denied confirmation by the Senate.

Federalism Division of power between the national government and the states. Federal (National) Power Only = Delegated Powers State Power Only = Reserved Powers Both Federal and State = Concurrent Powers

Exit Slip One purpose of government in the Preamble to the Constitution is its obligation to: keep the executive and legislative branches of government unified. create an authoritarian form of government. create a stable and unchanging set of laws for the new nation provide for justice and the people's general welfare.